中国的女孩生存：历史、现状和展望

基于已有的数据、研究成果及中国政府和社会的干预实践,对有关改善中国女孩生存的研究和实践进行回顾式的评述和展望。中国一直存在对女性的歧视,近年来中国持续升高的出生性别比和偏高的女孩死亡水平,反映出女性社会地位低下和女孩生存风险恶化。对女孩的歧视包括出生前和出生后的歧视。描述了中国高出生性别比和偏高女孩死亡水平的水平、趋势和区域差异,分析了女孩生存环境恶化的直接和间接原因及其引发的人口和社会后果。通过比较国际社会的经验和中国政府及社会的认识与行动,讨论了改善中国女孩生存的前景及相应的措施。     

不同类型建设用地扩张的时序及空间特征——加速失效模型在静海区的应用

研究目的：分析城市扩展中交通用地、商住用地和工业用地扩张的时序特征、空间关系以及扩张时点的影响因素。研究方法：农地—建设用地转换最优时机理论;加速失效模型。研究结果：（1）不同类型建设用地在扩张过程中具有相互关联的时序和空间特征;（2）静海区交通用地引导了其他建设用地扩张的方向,而不同级别交通用地由于对建设用地和农用地影响的差异,加快或延缓了建设用地扩张的时机;（3）商住和工业用地在200— 400 m 范围内相互集聚,且商住用地产生的集聚效应强于工业用地。研究结论：细化建设用地类型以分析城市扩张的特征和机制,有助于城市扩展区的布局优化和集约发展。     

语言Q值与小语种语言存亡边界——基于语言经济学的模型

基于语言的人力资本性质,引入语言\"Q值\"量化其经济价值,并以此修正Grin模型分析小语种语言存在的必要性.分析结果表明:(1)语言的Q值越大时,也即这种语言的生命力越强时,人们投入这种语言的时间就会越多;(2)基于文化和政治上的原因,在小语种语言有必要保护的前提下,刻画出小语种语言存亡边界、改变小语种语言的语言态度以及小语种语言的使用人数,可以使小语种语言从死亡区进入生存区;(3)在对小语种语言保护的制度安排中,持久增加使用小语种语言的人数十分重要.     

跨国公司传承母国文化的路径分析

跨国公司是文化全球化的最重要主体,模因理论可以用来分析文化传播和演化的微观路径和宏观路径。模因论对文化传承的微观路径描述是关于模因、模因复合体、载体、生存机器之间的关系问题的解释,其宏观路径是国家文化经过跨国公司实施子公司活动、商务活动以及销售文化产品活动,进而影响子公司东道国个人和组织之间的传承通道。跨国公司传承母国文化呈现出发达国家占据主动地位、欠发达被动输入文化的整体态势,但欠发达国家的传统核心文化的强势模因也对跨国公司有着明显的反作用力。     

Does a “survival-by-exporting” effect for SMEs exist?

The trade literature has long discussed the existence of some benefits attributed to exporting (learning-by-exporting), among others, the improvement in survival chances. This paper examines whether exporting SMEs enjoy better survival prospects than non-exporting SMEs. We investigate the determinants of survival of exporting and non-exporting SMEs and explore whether the exporting behaviour plays a significant role in explaining their probability of exit. For this purpose, we estimate discrete time proportional hazard models that account for unobserved individual heterogeneity. The dataset is a sample of Spanish manufacturing SMEs drawn from the Encuesta sobre Estrategias Empresariales (ESEE) for 1990–2002. After controlling for firm, industry and economy characteristics, we find evidence supporting the existence of a sizeable “surviving-by-exporting” effect. That is, exporting SMEs face a significantly lower probability of failure than non-exporters.     

Brighter prospects? Assessing the franchise advantage using census data

This paper uses Census microdata to examine how starting a business as a franchise rather than an independent business affects its survival and growth prospects. We assess factors that influence the decision to become a franchisee and use various empirical approaches to correct for selection bias in our performance analyses. We find that franchised businesses on average exhibit higher survival rates than independent businesses; but importantly, the difference is small compared with claims in the trade press. The effect is also short lived: conditional on surviving a year or two, we no longer find survival (or growth) differences. We then explore two potential sources for this small survival advantage, namely franchisors’ screening process and the benefits arising from the brand and business know‐how provided by franchisors. We find evidence that both of the sources contribute to the franchising advantage.     

Competition in Marketing： Survival Yardstick for Small and Medium Enterprises （SMEs） in Nigeria

The topic investigated competition in marketing as a survival yardstick for small and medium enterprises （SMEs） in Nigeria. The objectives addressed by this study were： （1） identifying different types and intensity of competition that SMEs are exposed to along the life-cycle portfolio in Nigeria; （2） quantifying the strength of SMEs vis-a-vis some foreign enterprises in terms of market competition; and （3） proffering solutions on how best they could match competitively these foreign enterprises. Relevant models and theories were employed in literature to evolve detailed analysis of issues relating to the variables used in terms of competition in marketing and survival of juice-producing SMEs. Two hypotheses were investigated through the survey of 20 prominent Ikeja based SMEs using Cluster sampling, 5-points Likert summated rating scale was adopted, while Yard＇s formula with 95% confidence level and 5% error tolerance was used. Alternative form validity of the instrument was measured at 0.63 while its reliability was measured at Cronbach＇s alpha of 0.70. Pearson＇s product-moment correlation was used in testing hypothesis 1 while standard multiple regressions were used to test hypothesis 2. Findings revealed that there was strong relationship between survival of juice-producing SMEs with forms of competition on a firm＇s life-cycle; while competition had positive effects on survival components for the enterprises. It was concluded that since competition subsists in any firm＇s life-cycle, strategies to support operations for survival must be adopted. It was recommended that operators of SMEs have to monitor and manage competition as it affects their businesses positively and/or negatively.     

论企业统计的生存与发展

文章论述了建立现代企业制度及其管理为企业统计的生存提供了空间 ,但也提出了更高的要求 ;从目前企业统计满足不了企业管理需要的现状出发 ,阐述了企业统计改革的迫切性 ;提出了企业统计改革和发展的新思路。     

高校报数字化生存策略研究——以《沈阳工程学院报》为例

在网络高度发达的当下社会,传统纸质媒体受到了新兴媒体的巨大冲击,高校报作为纸质媒体中独具特色的一类,在其数字化发展策略中显示出了与社会报业不同的特点。《沈阳工程学院报》积极适应自身建设发展的需要,在数字化发展中进行了有益的探索。