清洁生产在工程建设中的应用探讨

对“清洁生产”的定义、内容、意义等作简单介绍，阐明我国在工程建设中推行“清洁生产”的必要性，并首次将“清洁生产”的概念引入建筑行业，通过对施工中的各种污染物进行清洁生产审计，制订相应的防治措施，还从采用环保型材料等五方面说明当前在工程建设中推行“清洁生产”所应开展的工作内容，从而促进建筑行业形成良好的清洁生产机制。     

Study on the evaluation system for the cleaner production of the mine

It is important to establish the evaluation system of the cleaner production of the mining enterprise, which canprovide the technical support and guidance for the cleaner production evaluation and facilitating the promotion ofcleaner productive techniques so as to realize the integration of economic development and environmental protection.This paper, according to the characteristic of mining and Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP）, establishes the evaluationindex system, puts forward the overall quantitative evaluation method based on Fuzzy Mathematics and the experts’experience, and establishes the evaluation system of cleaner production. The main problems in cleaner production of themine are analyzed by calculation, and some countermeasures and suggestions are proposed.     

Supply and demand factors of Cleaner technologies: Some empirical evidence

This article identifies and analyzes factors that affect the willingness of firms and consumers to develop and adopt cleaner technologies. Cleaner technologies is used as a general term for pollution abatement technologies, re-use systems, and environmentally sound consumer products and materials. The article also contains the findings of three case studies on cleaner technologies (CFC substitutes, low-solvent paints and coatings, and membrane technology), in which the importance of the identified factors is investigated. From the case studies some general conclusions are drawn about these factors, and the way in which policy instruments can be used to stimulate innovation in and diffusion of cleaner technologies. No single policy instrument is considered to be optimal. Instead a policy mix is needed, involving a much wider use of economic instruments.This paper is based on a research project for the Ministries of Economic Affairs and the Environment in the Netherlands, and is a revision of an earlier paper Policy Instruments to Stimulate Cleaner Technologies, which was prepared for the EAERE conference in Stockholm, June 11–14th, 1991. The authors thank the referee for helpful comments.     

Implications for enterprise to adopt cleaner technology: From the perspective of energy market and commodity market

Business-related decision making seems more difficulty than ever before. Diffusion signals from different market make it difficult for policy makers to adopt clear strategy, and the lack of clear coping strategies will hinder stakeholders in the market from making strong investment decisions as early as possible. To cope with this problem, we propose an innovative model that can analyze production decisions and technology adoption of enterprises been faced with two coupled markets. With the help of this quantitative method, we answer the basic question of the investment path and technology adoption time in a class of enterprises, and further analyze which factors in the related markets have a more obvious impact on the decision. A novel feature of this work is that we characterize the connection mechanism of the two markets so that we can investigate the interaction between enterprises’ decisions and the markets’ signals. Our stochastic model allows for quite general dependence on energy fuel price and investment choice. Turning to the special Monte-Carlo based method, we can determine the optimal time to invest as well as the switching time. We applied this framework to an empirical case of heating technology on a highway, and found that both consumer preferences and energy prices have a significant impact on enterprise's investment strategy, but consumer preferences have a greater impact on the transition time for cleaner technologies. Also, the results have potentially important policy implications and can provide a rationale for supporting cleaner technologies.     

Relationship between ecological economics and circular economy, eco-industry, cleaner production, and other relevant categories

Eco-industry, circular economy, cleaner production, industrial ecology or industrial ecosystem and other subjects are all categories related to sustainable developinent. This paper studies the relations and differences between the four categories and sustainable development as well as ecological economics. Circular economy, eco-industry, industrial ecosystem and cleaner production were put forward during the revolution in “end treatment pattern” of traditional industrial society. Industrial ecology, eco-industry and circular economy theory are three content expansions of cleaner production. Ecological economics is of instructive function theoretically and methodologically for circular economy, eco-industrial, cleaner production and industrial ecology. Circular economy theory is easier to be accepted, compared with ecological economics theory. And circular economy in nature is the complete application of ecological economics theory.     

企业进行清洁生产技术创新的影响因素分析

清洁生产作为人类对污染防治的一种改进,从最初的末端治理转向了对生产过程中的控制,是实现可持续发展的重要途径。本文从实施清洁生产的获益者分析入手,通过建立企业清洁生产创新行为两层模型,分析了企业进行清洁生产技术创新的影响因素,提出了促进企业采用清洁生产技术的政策措施。     

工业集聚对行业清洁生产与末端治理的影响

在以往研究的基础上,本文提出产业集聚引发的外部性会提高整个产业的环境技术包括清洁生产和末端治理技术,并采用中国25个工业行业的数据进行了实证检验。结果证实了该假说,但仅限于产业集聚的当期指标。同时也发现由于清洁生产有明显的行业特征,且同时具有经济效益和环境效益;而末端治理不具有行业特征,并且仅具有环境效益,因此导致核心变量产业集聚、控制变量人均研发对清洁生产的影响更大一些,同时也导致资本劳动比对清洁生产影响显著为负,对末端治理不显著。     

我国污染密集型工业品贸易的环境效应研究

在拓展现有贸易环境效应分解模型的基础上,明确了技术效应的重要性,并以我国污染密集型工业品贸易为例开展实证研究。我国此类进、出口贸易在实现正向技术效应的条件下均可有利于国内环境改善,但出口比进口实现正向净效应的难度较大、正向净效应也较小。净效应的大小因进、出口过程中清洁生产技术溢出渠道的差异以及产业自身技术水平、R&D及人力资本存量等的不同而异。     

企业清洁生产审核推进节能减排和产业能级提升

在探讨清洁生产与节能减排相互关联的基础上,阐述了本单位清洁生产的实践与理论创新内容,同时围绕企业清洁生产审核的要素,进行了相关案例的分析。认为清洁生产和节能减排都是循环经济的重要内容,企业清洁生产既是实现节能减排的最佳途径,也是企业实施节能减排工作的重要平台,二者的有机结合,有助于提升企业的综合竞争能力。     

清洁生产--企业可持续发展的必然选择

随着工业发展带来的一系列环境问题,对人类自身生存和继续发展构成威胁,联合国环境规划署提出了清洁生产概念,我国也已开始实施《清洁生产促进法》。作为一个发展中国家,人口众多,资源相对不足是中国的基本国情,清洁生产的推行是走可持续发展道路的必然选择。