大兴安岭林业持续发展的探讨

大兴安岭森林是受冻土控制下形成和发展的，保存了大量淡水资源，形成了冷湿生态环境。大兴安岭林业持续发展必须按特殊方式经营，建立生态林业，从而发挥其固有的多种效益。     

我国农产品冷链物流现状分析及优化研究

我国农产品冷链物流的发展相对落后,严重影响了农业的发展。文中从界定农产品冷链物流概念的基础出发,分析其构成、条件、特点,指出目前存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了优化措施。     

U.S. food aid and American exports to recipient countries during the Cold War

In this article, we test to what extent the food aid granted by the U.S. during the Cold War was strategically motivated and used to promote U.S. interests. Using the data for the period 1971–1990, we investigate whether U.S. wheat aid had an effect on recipient countries’ total import of American products. The evidence we provide suggests a positive and robust relationship and thus it is consistent with the argument that U.S. food aid helped to create larger markets for U.S. producers.     

In-transit perishable product inspection

We determine the value of monitoring perishable freight in-transit for a single vehicle traveling from an origin to a destination. We develop a computationally practical approach for determining the optimal expected cost function and an optimal policy, based on an infinite horizon partially observed Markov decision process model. Structural properties of the optimal expected cost function and optimal policy are determined. These results can lend insight when deciding whether to acquire the capacity to monitor freight status in transit and what actions to take, based on the data from the in-transit monitoring, that optimally increase expected supply chain productivity.     

Agriculture and controls in Denmark 1930–1950

Abstract

In 1932/33 the Danish Ministry of Agriculture established a number of government export boards with fairly wide-ranging powers. In spite of strong liberal traditions, Danish farmers soon learned to appreciate government intervention. Firstly, the administration was entrusted entirely to the agricultural organisations, giving them wide opportunities for influence. Secondly, through the export boards, the agricultural interest was afforded the chance of controlling the marketing stage in the same way as it already dominated the production stage via the cooperative movement.

Starting off from this example, we shall discuss in more general terms the integration mechanisms responsible for bringing about close teamwork between organisations and government. This teamwork came about in large measure for reasons of technical administration, the organisations being able to offer a complementary administrative machine which at the same time functioned as a harmonising element for the government. Moreover the Danish political system, characterised as it was and is by consensus democracy and minority parliamentarism, facilitated close integration of the organisations in policy formulation and implementation.     

Technology,science and American innovation

This article offers for consideration four propositions about business, government, and innovation in the post-World War Two United States, points which may have a wider resonance as well. They concern the long term role of continuous innovation, technology–science relationships, state-led problem setting for innovation, and the ‘permanent uncertainties’ that arise from Cold War-era technological advance. Each of these has implications for the practice of business history, for conceptualizing innovation, and for our understanding of post-war science–technology trajectories.     

The first wave of the Soviet oil offensive: The Anglo-American Alliance and the flow of ‘Red Oil’ to Finland during the 1950s

During the 1950s, many observers regarded the expansion of Soviet oil exports as a serious threat to Western political and economic interests. Finland was the first non-communist European country that started to buy Soviet oil on a large scale. This made the country vulnerable to Soviet political pressure. An examination of the Finnish case indicates that Anglo-American governments adopted a much more complex attitude towards the emergence of the Soviet Union as an exporter of oil than the Cold War rhetoric would suggest. The US and British governments were not automatically willing to support their oil companies or to try to block Soviet oil exports. Instead of seeing Soviet oil exports to Finland simply as a threat to Western interests, the Foreign Office and the State Department considered the precise implications that Finnish purchases of Soviet oil would have on Western strategic interests on a case-by-case basis. Many other government departments were more interested in promoting their own departmental interests.     

论冷战后日美安全保障体制

冷战后,日本国内政治经济状况急转直下,亚太地区挑战不断出现,日本对外战略面临新的选择。1995年起,日本开始外交努力,以赋予日美安全保障体制新内涵。从此,日美安全保障体制进入了一个新的发展时期。     

北方园林彩叶植物抗寒性研究进展

低温是制约北方园林彩叶树种发展的重要因素。本文概略介绍了植物受冻害的机理、植物抗寒育种、生理生化指标在植物抗寒性研究中的作用、植物生长调节剂对植物抗寒的影响、彩叶植物抗寒生理等研究进展;提出了植物抗寒性研究的问题及对未来工作的展望。     

三伏天和三九天采用隔附子饼灸治疗四肢逆冷症的临床疗效

目的探讨三伏天和三九天采用隔附子饼灸治疗四肢逆冷症的临床疗效。方法选取我院于2012年7月至2013年1月收治的四肢逆冷症患者54例,将其随机分为三伏组与三九组,均采用隔附子饼灸,治疗1个疗程后进行疗效评定。结果两组患者总有效率分别为92.6%、85.2%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治愈率分别为59.3%、29.6%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在三伏天和三九天施行隔附子饼灸均能有效改善四肢逆冷症,且与节气、气温关系密切,在三伏天施灸为最佳时期,符合"春夏养阳"的理论。