Philosophical Foundations of Eminent Hong Kong Chinese CEOs’ Leadership

Because of the importance of Confucian doctrines in shaping ethical business practices under Chinese leadership, revealing the roles of other Chinese ethical doctrines in modern Chinese leadership is informative. A thorough understanding of the ethical foundations of Chinese leadership is necessary for fruitful interaction with Chinese leaders, according to cultural fit theory. The present study illustrates the philosophical foundations of business management, based on dialogues with five eminent corporate executive officers (CEOs). It reveals that the CEOs practice a style of Chinese leadership synthesizing Confucian, Daoist, Mohist, and Legalist doctrines. The Confucian doctrines advocate benevolence, harmony, learning, loyalty, righteousness, and humility. They are the most prevalent tenets that support paternalism and collectivism. The Daoist doctrines emphasize flexibility and reversion (e.g., the principle that the weak can defeat the strong). They bolster the leader’s forbearance. The Mohist doctrines underpin thrift and working with the masses whereas the Legalist doctrines inculcate self-control and innovativeness. Hence, contemporary Chinese leadership does not rely exclusively on Confucian ethics and this reflects evolution over 1000s of years.     

Modeling society with statistical mechanics: an application to cultural contact and immigration

We introduce a general modeling framework to predict the outcomes, at the population level, of individual psychology and behavior. The framework prescribes that researchers build a cost function that embodies knowledge of what trait values (opinions, behaviors, etc.) are favored by individual interactions under given social conditions. Predictions at the population level are then drawn using methods from statistical mechanics, a branch of theoretical physics born to link the microscopic and macroscopic behavior of physical systems. We demonstrate our approach building a model of cultural contact between two cultures (e.g., immigration), showing that it is possible to make predictions about how contact changes the two cultures.     

汉语外来词的历史进程及其社会文化性浅析

外来词的大规模进入是改革开放后显著的语言现象。在分析这种语言现象的同时 ,梳理了历史上汉唐时期 ,晚清至“五四”前后这段时期的外来词状况。在此基础上 ,从语言学角度阐释中国文化由封闭性向开放性的过渡及中国现代语言文化的包容性特征     

试论市场营销中的文化因素及其影响

文化是企业市场营销环境中社会文化环境的重要组成部分，文化因素在营销活动中的影响和作用也越来越突出。本文从文化的基本含义入手，具体分析了文化的各个组成因素对市场营销活动产生的重大影响。最后强调了文化可以成为企业可控的营销要素这一理论的新观念。     

察尔汗盐湖物质来源的讨论

察尔汗盐湖是世界上最大的现代盐类矿床之一。盐湖中有用组份以 K、Mg 为主,伴有 Na、B、Li、Br、I、Rb、Cs、Sr 等元素。关于这些物质成份的来源有多种假说,如昆仑山古湖补给说、深层卤水或油田水补给说以及周边淡水补给说。本文首先根据格尔木河流域距今3万年以来补给察尔汗盐湖主要是山区大气降水这个事实,对昆仑山区古湖泊水是否为察尔汗盐湖提供重要物质来源提出质疑。通过元素比值与水量分析认为深层卤水或油田水可能不是盐湖的主要物质来源。研究认为察尔汗盐湖主要物质来源乃是四周长期风化淋滤及地下水、地表水不断搬运、溶解、析出演化过程的结果。昆仑山区特殊岩性环境及湖区脱硫酸作用可能是察尔汗盐湖缺少大量硫酸盐类沉积的原因。     

地洼学说基本理论的形成与发展

地洼学说是由著名地质学家陈国达教授创立的。从创立至今,经过我国及其他一些国家地质工作者的长期辛勤劳动,使之日臻完善,并形成了在国内外有影响的地质科学理论。近35年的实践证明,这一理论对生产实践具有重要的指导作用。地洼学说的形成,是陈国达教授应用科学的思想方法在地质科学道路上大胆创新、不断探索的结果。地质工作所涉及的研究领域非常广泛而复杂,它更需要科学的、系统的理论来指导。我们学习和研究地洼学说的形成过程和创新精神,除了它的应用价值外,其理论意义特别是科学的思想方法也是值得我们很好学习和借鉴的。     

Anthropogenic and topographic correlates of natural vegetation cover within agricultural landscape mosaics in Turkey

Natural vegetation enhances the value of agricultural landscapes for people and wildlife. However, the role of anthropogenic versus topographic factors in driving the extent of natural vegetation cover within agricultural lands at large spatial scales remains unexplored. I assessed the influence of anthropogenic and topographic variables on the extent of agricultural mosaics with high natural vegetation cover in the country of Turkey where a large extent of natural and semi-natural vegetation is maintained by traditional agriculture. GIS layers depicting human land use, elevation, slope, roads and population data were obtained and summarized at two spatial scales, within provinces and for 100 km² grid cells covering the country’s entire agricultural land area. Average farm size was also obtained at province level. Hierarchical Partitioning was conducted to determine the independent effect of anthropogenic and topographic variables on the variation in agriculture with high natural vegetation. Slope had the largest independent effect on the variation in the proportion of agricultural mosaic with high natural vegetation cover. The extent of agricultural and settlement area also explained much of the variation in natural vegetation across both grid cells and provinces. The proportion of natural vegetation increased as human population and road density decreased across grid cells and as average farm size decreased across provinces. These results suggest that while topography is the primary driver of natural vegetation cover within agricultural mosaics in Turkey, the pressures associated with urban development and agricultural industrialization may also influence the cultural and wildlife value of agricultural landscapes.     

Residents’ support for red tourism in China: The moderating effect of central government

This study proposes and tests a model that incorporates two competing theories of political trust, institutional trust and cultural trust, to examine community support for “red tourism” development. Using data gathered from residents living in close proximity to Jinggangshan Scenic Area in China, this study examines the influence of authoritarian values, particularly as they relate to level of residents’ power, their level of trust in government, and their effects on support for “red tourism.” Findings suggest that trust in central government moderates the relationship between trust in local government and support. Future studies should utilize the institutional trust framework to assess residents’ trust in the local government and the cultural trust framework to assess trust in the central government.     

Cultural resources and public trust shape attitudes toward climate change and preferred futures—A case study among the Norwegian public

Since climate change mitigation likely will affect most sectors of society, adapting to climate change essentially requires the public to envision and adjust to alternative futures. There is a need for more studies on the social basis for climate change asking why people hold the attitudes they do, rather than the dominant tendency to ask how to change attitudes and behavior. Research in different fields show that fundamental life values and worldviews are shaped through life and heavily influenced by early life socialization and culture, which in turn can shape attitudes toward specific phenomena like climate change. We surveyed a representative sample of the Norwegian public and examined how cultural resources and trust in environmental governance institutions are related to attitudes toward climate change. High levels of trust are associated with a tendency to perceive climate change as human caused, and low levels of trust correspond with stronger beliefs that climate change are natural phenomena. High levels of cultural resources are found among climate change deniers as well as believers, indicating that groups with different political, professional and intellectual orientations, as well as life histories, may not trust climate change science. We argue that improved knowledge about the social basis for climate change is an imperative part of futures-oriented expertise.