Small enterprises as complex adaptive systems: a methodological question?

Complexity science constitutes an emerging post-positivist interdisciplinary field of investigation of dynamical systems in the natural and physical worlds. The central concept of complexity is that interactions between parts of open systems create novel, unpredictable patterns, and that while the history of the system is relevant in understanding its dynamic, the isolation of individual parts of the system (analysis) does not reveal the casual mechanisms in the system. It is suggested that complexity science can inform our methodologies for investigating the social sciences. The paper explores whether complexity science offers ways of theory building that can take account of pluralistic or interdisciplinary research in enterprise dynamics. The authors offer a model of six theorized ontological layers, derived from the canon of research literature within a small enterprise domain, with boundaries at each end. It is suggested that dynamical concepts of agency (adaption, evolution, fitness, interdependence) coupled with the theory of evolutionary autopoietic structures generate a plausible field for the study of enterprise dynamics. A focus on ontological and experimental adequacy is necessary to develop theory within this framework. An appropriate methodology involves iterations between experimental forms of scientific analysis and the grounding of emergent or evolving theories.     

Geographical concentration and the dynamics of countries' specialization in technologies

This paper examines the empirical dynamics of countries' technological specialization in six technology fields using distribution dynamics. In all technology fields innovation activities are performed by relatively few countries and the degree of concentration is fairly stable in time. Intra-distribution dynamics is characterized by persistence of within field countries' specialization levels around or below the mean, while high specialization levels revert towards lower values. This strengthens the case for absorptive capacity. Electronics show some distinctive properties: they have the highest degree of geographical concentration and numerous small countries among those specialized; they also are the least mobile technology field. In a Schumpeterian perspective, this is in line with "creative accumulation".     

Dynamic modelling of pollution abatement in a CGE framework

This paper deals with the specification of pollution abatement in dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) models and analyses the dynamic feedback mechanisms between economy and abatement in the context of environmental policy. A Ramsey-type economic model is presented, in which bottom-up technical and economic information on abatement techniques is integrated in a top-down dynamic CGE context. The practical suitability of the specification is illustrated by an empirical application for climate change and acidification in the Netherlands. The results show that a mixture of some slowdown of economic growth, a substantial restructuring of the economy and implementation of most technical abatement measures is optimal.     

滚筒洗衣机噪声分析

本文具体针对全自动滚筒洗衣机,研究其在脱水状态下以每分钟1200转运转时所产生噪声的成因,接着提出三个改进方案,然后重新研究改进方案产生的噪声大小,以此验证改进方案的有效性。本文采用CFD软件FLUENT对所有模型进行模拟仿真分析。因为是搅拌模型,所以具体计算时采用动参考系法（MRF）进行计算。通过研究发现加强筋结构会造成涡流气流,是导致噪声问题的主要成因。在各个改进方案中,填充外围第四和第五圈栅格的方案被验证为最佳方案,既起到减噪效果又能节省填充材料。     

后危机时代日本产业政策再思考——基于日本“新增长战略”

日本作为最早实施产业政策的国家,其政策效应备受世人关注。全球性金融危机重新引发了政府通过产业政策拯救陷入危机的企业,并引导产业发展方向的新高潮。后金融危机时代上台的日本民主党政权,根据新增长战略提出了重振日本经济,全面提升产业竞争力的长期产业政策。而作为未来增长产业的前瞻性扶持政策,今后日本产业政策的重点在于创造需求为主、扶持软产业出口以及培养产业活力上。日本产业政策的重大调整对同样面临着后危机时代产业结构和经济发展模式转变的中国经济具有重要的借鉴意义。