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本文以清宫所藏奏折与内务府档案中所包含的大量获罪官员的抄家记录为基础,系统估算清代官绅家庭的资产结构。过去对传统社会精英阶层家庭财产和收入的理解,以田地、房屋首当其冲,偶或涉及借贷资本,但是对各自比重一直没有明确数字。我们先设计一套可以与现代家庭资产统计方式接轨的分类框架,然后介绍对家产各项内容的估价方法,并举案例说明。最后通过对185个官绅家产案例进行统计和分析,发现这些案例在金融商业类资产项下有不低的比重,同时,金玉铜磁、绸缎皮衣等各种实物也占据了相当的份额。作为传统资产形式的田房不动产一方面是投资置业首选,但另一方面当财富积累到一定水平后比重不断下降,以致在社会财富阶梯顶端已不具明显优势。 相似文献
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为了解城市低保制度的实施情况,从中发现存在的问题以及解决这些问题的方法,相关研究机构组织了由大学生组成的调查员对邵阳市城区内多个社区两百余户低保受助者进行了走访调查。调查结果显示,低保制度能发挥居民最低生活保障的作用,是一项完成了基本任务的顶层设计;自谋生计是大部分低保受助者的主要经济来源,而低保制度不具备"养懒汉"的经济可能性。 相似文献
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E. Bárcena‐Martín B. Lacomba A. I. Moro‐Egido S. Pérez‐Moreno 《Review of Income and Wealth》2014,60(4):802-820
This paper assesses to what extent differences in the characteristics of individuals (micro‐level perspective) and country‐specific factors (macro‐level perspective) can explain country differences with respect to material deprivation levels. Thus, our work aims to simultaneously consider the macro dimension and the predominantly individually‐oriented study field of material deprivation using multilevel techniques. We make use of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. Our results show that country‐specific factors seem to be much more relevant than individual effects in explaining country differences in material deprivation. We estimate that the introduction of country‐specific factors reduces the proportion of total variance due to between‐country differences in deprivation by 72.7 percent, while individual‐level variables reduce this proportion by only 9.4 percent. We also show, through interaction variables, that the effect of sociodemographic characteristics can be shaped by institutional and structural factors, especially by the level of GDP. 相似文献
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We investigate the effects of inward FDI on income distribution and absolute living standards in Vietnam using census data from 1989 to 2009. We compute the number of employees of foreign establishments in each of Vietnam's provinces for each year, and use that as a measure of local FDI. We estimate the effects of FDI on local households’ living standards as reported in the data, broken down by educational background to allow us to analyze effects on inequality. Estimates based on the repeated cross section indicate that rising FDI in a province is associated with a slight decline in living standards for households there if they do not have a member employed by the foreign enterprises, with only modest gains for households who do have a member employed by the foreign enterprises. These estimates may reflect composition effects, however, since we find large movements of people toward the provinces receiving the FDI. The findings show that measuring the effect of FDI on household welfare is more difficult than measuring the effect of trade policy, and may pose a difficulty for the view of FDI as a general anti-poverty strategy. 相似文献
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从重置到重生:居住性历史文化街区生活真实性的保护 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在居住性历史文化街区的改造中,往往由于忽视对生活真实性的保护,造成保护和更新中的重置现象。从常见的全盘重置、功能重置、居民重置入手,对居住性历史文化街区保护和更新实践进行反思。提出,在居住性历史文化街区保护和更新中,风貌保护是生活真实性延续的基础,功能保全是生活真实性延续的载体,居民保有是生活真实性延续的主体,只有减少重置现象,街区才能真正获得重生。 相似文献
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我国对城市社区分异的研究综述 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文通过对我国近20年有关城市社区分异研究的系统总结,论述了城市社区分异的社会和地域背景;在对城市社区分异的具体影响因素分析前提下,得出城市社区分异的三大机制,并指出城市社区分异的类型和分异趋势、分异中出现的问题及对策. 相似文献
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生活自理能力的形成,有助于培养智障学生的责任感、自信心以及自己处理问题的能力,对智障学生今后的生活也会产生深远的影响。因此,我们针对智障学生的特点与生活自理能力差的现状,有的放矢地对他们进行生活教育,通过生活化的课堂,使智障学生最终学会生活,走向社会。 相似文献
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