婴幼儿食品微生物及微生物毒素调查分析

对婴幼儿食品（配方乳粉、补充谷物、饼干和罐头）分别进行微生物污染以及微生物毒素调查。调查结果表明：357份婴幼儿食品均未检出沙门氏菌和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;11份婴幼儿配方乳粉、1份补充谷物和1份饼干食品中检出坂崎肠杆菌,检出率分别为4.2%,2.4%和2.5%;检出1份补充谷物菌落总数超过国家标准最高安全限量值。13份婴幼儿配方乳粉和3份补充谷物检出肠杆菌科细菌,检出率分别为32.5%和7.1%;14份（婴幼儿）配方乳粉、2份婴幼儿罐头检出蜡样芽孢杆菌,检出率分别为35%和20%;1份婴幼儿配方乳粉检出黄曲霉毒素M1超标。婴幼儿食品存在微生物及其微生物毒素污染的风险,应加强对婴幼儿食品的致病微生物及其毒素的监测和监管。     

中国酒店餐饮中的食品营养问题研究

随着我国社会的不断进步,经济的不断发展,人民群众的生活水平逐渐提高,人民的生活节奏也越来越快,生活方式也逐渐发生改变.因为各方面原因,现在越来越多的人喜欢在外就餐,但是目前我国酒店餐饮中的食品依然存在营养问题,例如,酒店为了追求菜品的色香味,破坏了食物的营养,忽略了膳食平衡.为了人们的健康饮食,急需解决这些问题.本篇文章以中国酒店餐饮中的食品营养为例,对存在的问题进行深入分析,供大家参考.     

Agriculture–nutrition linkages with heterogeneous,unobserved returns and costs: Insights from Tajikistan

Agriculture–nutrition linkages (ANLs) have been increasingly investigated in the literature. However, nutritional returns and costs of household agricultural production practices (APPs) in semisubsistence settings are poorly understood. We fill these knowledge gaps using pooled cross-section data sets in Tajikistan, where semisubsistence farming and undernutrition coexist despite relatively good agricultural infrastructure and education systems. Agricultural diversification, yield enhancement, production expansion are positively associated with various nutritional outcomes, particularly in areas with poor food market access. Decomposition exercises suggest that nutritional returns and costs of these APPs vary across households, and the adoption of APPs is driven by the expected nutritional returns. In Tajikistan, improving nutrition through household ANLs requires growing the smallholder agricultural sector in multiple dimensions, including diversification, intensification, and expansion, while also understanding better the pathways of ANLs and addressing bottlenecks at appropriate stages of such pathways.     

宁夏农业学校学生膳食营养状况调查与分析

为了解宁夏农业学校学生膳食营养状况,为制订切实可行的干预措施提供科学依据,采用自制问卷调查的方式,通过24小时膳食回顾法与食物频率法相结合的调查方法,了解学生日常饮食的具体情况。根据中国居民膳食营养指南,分析学生膳食营养情况,运用BMI值评估学生的体质状况。结果显示,与中国居民平衡膳食宝塔的推荐量相比,宁夏农业学校学生的膳食结构中蔬菜、水果、肉类、奶类摄入量过少,膳食的能量不足;三餐比例中早餐能量摄入过少;三大产能营养素功能比例基本适宜;学生体质状况良好。宁夏农业学校学生的饮食行为存在很多问题,需及时给予适当的膳食行为干预,以提高学生的营养健康水平。     

What Initiatives Are British Food Retailers Taking to Improve Children’s Health and Nutrition?

Along with food manufacturers, retailers contribute directly to the national diet. While efforts to reformulate private-label products have been assessed, little research considers other voluntary initiatives to impact public health. We explore efforts targeting children’s health and nutrition. Making use of the corporate social responsibility reports of the seven leading retailers from 2006 to 2011, we examine the types of actions, by which retail chains and when. Before 2008, most retailers reported on initiatives promoting children’s nutrition education and physical activity in schools. Since 2009, references to such programs have decreased, with a shift toward child wellness. We find that retailers differ in approaches and commitment. Those with larger market shares mention initiatives more frequently. Most activities are related to nutrition education, developing cooking skills, and promotion of physical activity and not product reformulation. Our research suggests these efforts are not coordinated, might be misplaced, and do not persist over time.     

Healthy and tasty school snacks: suggestions from Brazilian children consumers

Children do not choose what to eat based on health issues alone, and the high availability of non‐nutritious food in the environment can be a barrier to the consumption of healthy foods. Brazilian children are consuming processed, savoury, rich in fat, sodium and refined carbohydrates rather than more nutrient‐dense foods. Foods offered in public school meals and those sold in private school canteens in Brazil are subject to regulation, but not the snacks brought from home. This study identified the suggestions of public and private school students about the characteristics that a snack should present in order to be considered both healthy and palatable. A qualitative exploratory study using focus groups was conducted with 128 primary school students aged 7–10 years old. Interviews were transcribed and content analysis was conducted, generating three categories: (1) foods actually consumed during snack breaks; (2) examples of foods considered healthy and/or tasty for consumption during snack breaks; and (3) desired characteristics of a healthy and tasty snack. Foods of high energy density and low nutritional value were mentioned as the most consumed snacks, usually brought from home or purchased within/near the schools. Consumption of meals offered by the National School Meal Program was reported by only one‐third of the public school students. Fruits, natural juices and vegetables were considered healthy foods; sweet‐tasting preparations containing fruits were considered tasty; while fruits and natural fruit juices were considered both healthy and tasty. Sweet‐tasting preparations containing fruits were mentioned as examples of snacks with the desired healthy/tasty characteristics. The disparity between what was actually consumed and what was reported as ideal leads us to question the availability in retail stores of healthy yet palatable foods that meet this population's desires.