中国古代管理思想史上的"李约瑟之谜"

通过对中国古代人本管理思想的阐述,剖析了为何曾有过辉煌发展的中国古代人本思想最终只处在“前人本管理”形态,而未能发展成具有“人本管理”形态的管理理论体系。认为探究中国古代管理史上悲情式的“李约瑟之谜”,对于在新的历史条件下构建中国式管理体系有一定的启示。     

关于近代中国科学技术落后于西方的几点认识

科学技术史的领军人物英国著名学者李约瑟在对中国科学技术发展史进行研究,并提出疑问由此引起国内外学者的广泛关注。笔者作为科学技术史的一名后来者也想通过自己的学习与心得谈谈这个备受关注的话题,以此希望能得到有关各位前辈的指点。中国古代的科技颇为一流,堪称世界领先,可是到近代却远远落后于欧洲。这不能不令后辈们或是研究者感到惊奇或怪异。本文就是谈谈笔者自己的几点认识,着重谈宗教对中国科技史发展的影响。以此使后人能真正认识这个现状。也使当局者能认识现在面临的状况,改变一些不好的做法,制定切实有效的策略,让我国的科学技术得以快速的发展仅此而已。     

“进步话语”与人性的沉沦——论康拉德的丛林小说

约瑟夫·康拉德的小说创作常常蕴含着深刻的道德主题,他的“丛林小说”更是着力于探讨欧洲文明社会所谓的“进步话语”的实质。文章将以《海隅逐客》、《进步前哨》、《黑暗的心》等三部小说为研究对象,以小说中主人公的形象分析为切入点,揭示出“进步话语”背后殖民掠夺的本质,展现在“物”的诱惑下人性的沉沦。     

Competitive selection, self-organisation and Joseph A. Schumpeter

Post-Schumpeterians have tended to use biological analogies to understand economic evolution, in contrast to Schumpeter himself. In this paper it is argued that the biological analogies used tend to be outdated and that Schumpeter espoused an intuitive understanding of the evolutionary economic process that is closely related to modern conceptions of self-organisation, suitably adapted for application in socioeconomic systems. Using a self-organisation approach, competition can be understood without recourse to biological analogy, in terms of general systemic principles that operate in the presence of variety. Viewing economic evolution in terms of complex adaptation in self-organising systems yields nonequilibrium and nonlinear perspectives that parallel Schumpeter's own intuitions, reinvigorating them as the basis of evolutionary economic thinking in the new Millennium.     

约瑟夫·奈软实力研究的最新发展

软实力理论的奠基人约瑟夫·奈认为:尽管美国政治制度和美国全球领导力遭到了广泛质疑,美国软实力的衰落被夸大了。预测中国超过美国属于单向度思维,但世界力量是多向度的。虽然俄罗斯拥有极具吸引力的传统文化,但反自由主义和俄罗斯民族主义意识形态不是软实力的好源泉。在可预见的未来美国仍将保持其全球最强的地位。不过,有充分的理由怀疑美国是否有能力维持其"超级大国"地位,因为主要新兴经济体正在崛起。     

重商主义经济学：争论与反思

重商主义是经济思想史上最为悠久和影响最大的一种思潮,但理论界对其看法其实存在严重分歧,斯密、施莫勒和熊彼特分别代表了三种截然不同的评价。一百多年来围绕重商主义展开的争论集中在“什么是重商主义”、“重商主义成功了吗”以及“斯密是重商主义的对立面吗”等三个主题。重商主义本身的二重性、定义的混乱、方法论的差异和立场的对立等,都是导致出现争论的原因。后续研究应在细化范围、明确概念、加强原始文本阅读和历史重建方法应用等方面有所深化。     

Conceptions of the dual economy

Due to the current labor market problems and to the increase in personal “free time,” the “other half” of the economy is attracting increased attention: the household economy, the informal sector, black labor, the shadow economy, etc. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current terminology and conceptual diversity in this field, in order to clarify the notions and thus the theoretical approaches which are a prerequisite for further work at the present stage of research.     

Technical or nontechnical salesmen?

This paper examines the pros and cons of using technical and nontechnical sales representatives in the industrial market. The authors offer a solution to the question of whether the sales force should possess technical or nontechnical backgrounds. The answer is tied to both the level and the frequency of technical information exchange.     

为服务性权威观辩护： 三个批评及其回应

权威能否正当化是法律政治哲学中既经典又前沿的问题,它可以简单概括为： 服从权威意志能否得到道德上的辩护。约瑟夫·拉兹提出的“服务性权威观”对此贡献卓著,同时也饱受争议与批评,亟须澄清和回应。“服务性权威观”的核心理念是： 在遵从正确理由比个人自治更重要的条件下,如果服从权威也确实能够帮助我们更好地遵从理由,那么权威就具备正当性。有关的批评理论主要有制度性权威观、责任性权威观和程序性权威观,但是制度性权威观错误地将权威的本质视为制度性的,责任性权威观难以在责任与权威两者之间建立概念联系,而程序性权威观主张民主程序具备内在价值并不成立,民主只具备工具价值。因此,以上三种竞争性理论均未成功,服务性权威观仍旧得以捍卫。且经由这些交锋和反思,反而揭示了服务性权威观解释力的整体性与灵活性。     

Product type and the relative influence of buyers in commercial construction

Organizational purchasing is usually the product of collective decision making. While the seller's first contact with a prospective customer is with the purchasing agent, the purchasing agent is by no means the sole decision maker. The purpose of this study is to identify the relative influence of purchasing agents and other buyers in the commercial construction industry. Individual buyers and firms can also make use of the framework evolved to examine their own buying practices.