Optimal transit fare and service frequency of a nonlinear origin-destination based fare structure

This paper proposes a new nonlinear distance-based transit fare structure, which is measured by a function of the Euclidean distance between the origin and destination stations, termed as Origin-Destination (OD)-based fare. The novel fare structure encourages passengers to freely choose the most efficient trip plan. An optimization model is formulated based on a three-party game (involving the transport authority, transit company, and passenger) to determine the optimal fare function and frequency. An artificial bee colony algorithm is adopted to solve the model. Finally, a numerical example is provided to verify the proposed method.     

The importance of being earners: why women in South Africa need well-paid jobs

The ‘children fare better’ viewpoint claims that children tend to be better fed if their mother (as opposed to father) has sufficient income of her own for food. This paper assesses this claim for South Africa, using data from household surveys. It considers the possibility that this issue is related to domestic violence between husband and wife, and finds an apparent link between wife's earnings, child nutrition and domestic violence. Children's well-being seems more assured if mothers have an adequate income; but there is more risk of inadequate nutrition in households where there is domestic violence against wives.     

The impact of low-cost carriers on airport choice in the US: A case study of the Washington–Baltimore region

Previous research has shown that low-cost carriers (LCCs) may stimulate traffic at an airport by offering low fares. Using passenger survey data from the Washington–Baltimore region’s three airports, we find that the benefits of LCCs to airports extend beyond the traffic generated directly by the LCCs through their low fares. In addition, we find that the mere presence of an LCC at an airport can attract passengers, even to competing carriers. These “halo effects” from LCC presence increase the significance to airport managers of attracting LCCs in order to generate passenger demand.     

从消费者心理谈食品通路策略

任何企业要想发展壮大,产品的生产必须能满足消费者的某种需求,产品的销售必须能迎合消费者的消费心理,只有这样,企业才能拥有众多的消费者,成功地占领市场。通路是指促使产品或服务顺利地被使用或消费的一整套相互依存的组织。食品的通路策略解决的是商品流的问题,目的是排除影响消费者购买的风险心理,将产品以最短的时间、最少的费用、最合理的途径从生产者手中转移到消费者手中,以提高产品的竞争力。     

Fare elasticities of demand for direct and indirect flights in sub-Saharan Africa

This article examines the different demands for direct and indirect flights within sub-Saharan Africa. It develops both a simple reduced form model and a more refined two equation simultaneously system to examine bookings and fares on the major air transportation corridors. Using panel data, this allows estimation of the different fare elasticities of demand for direct and indirect services between the continents’ major cities as well as assessing the respective merits of the two models used.     

机票价格市场化的博弈分析

通过建立航空公司之间的价格博弈模型、航空公司与民航总局之间监督博弈模型说明了在价格管制条件下机票打折是必然的,同时分析了价格管制带来的效率损失,从而得出机票价格必须市场化的结论。     

法国政府对高速铁路支持政策研究及启示

政府的政策支持在法国高速铁路的发展过程中起着重要的作用.回顾了法国高速铁路发展的背景,分析了法国高速铁路的现状,探讨了法国高速铁路的融资模式,研究了法国政府对其高速铁路运营的政策支持,得出了相应的启示.     

Homogeneous service with heterogeneous products: Relationships among airline ticket fares and purchase fences

A fare table derived from homogeneous service is essential for revenue management applications in the airline industry. Restrictions or so-called fences are usually regarded as a useful tool to differentiate homogeneous seat service. Nevertheless, the relationships among fares and fences are not yet clear. This study aims to investigate passengers’ preferences on the choice of ticket alternatives describing by fares and fences and using Taiwan domestic air travel as an example. Regarding the attributes that an airline ticket may be attached such as departure time, booking time, ticket validity, changing fee, refund and fare, stated preference questionnaires are developed with multiple hypothetical scenarios for respondents to select in the experiment. 398 valid samples are collected for the logit model analysis. With the use of mixed logit model to accommodate both passengers’ heterogeneity and also the issue of relevant alternatives in the experiment, the results show statistical significance of all applied attributes with correct signs. In addition, passengers possess different attitudes on the fence of booking time, ticket validity, changing fee, and fare. Willingness-to-pay of each fence is further calculated to ultimately generate a fare table based on the combination of fences for practice use.     

列车票额分配优化模型应用探讨

列车票额分配的优劣直接影响列车的上座率和售票收入。对售票历史数据进行分析,选择合适的数学模型对票额分配效果进行计算,可以得出比现有分配方案更为优化的分配方案。随着需求的变化,根据优化模型对票额分配方案作相应的调节,可以进一步提高上座率和增加收入。     

济南公交票价弹性分析

利用城市居民出行意愿调查数据,结合济南公交发展历史数据,通过构建非集计模型,分析得到济南公交票价弹性值,对不同票价下的居民出行方式选择概率进行了预测,研究结果将对公交企业利用价格杠杆提高公交分担率提供依据。