湖南农产品如何跨越绿色壁垒

湖南省作为农业大省,农产品的出口受到日益兴起的绿色壁垒的挑战。文章论述了湖南省农产品出口遭遇绿色壁垒的状况及原因,提出了湖南省农产品跨越绿色壁垒的对策。     

Boom, bust, and the poor: Poverty dynamics in the Middle East and North Africa, 1970–1999

This paper analyzes changes in poverty and inequality in the Middle East and North Africa. It finds that the structural relationship between poverty reduction, income growth and distribution is the same for MENA and other developing economies. Prior to 1985 rapid growth sharply reduced poverty. After 1985, despite very low income growth, a rising share of income accruing to the lowest quintile meant that the average income of the poor rose more rapidly than that of the non-poor. These unusual poverty dynamics were primarily due to international migration. Remittances both increased per capita incomes in labor exporting countries and increased the share of income accruing to the poor.     

论多边贸易体制下的绿色壁垒

该文首先分析绿色壁垒的成因、特点及表现形式,接着指出了WTO中涉及到绿色壁垒问题的相关规定,最后指出我国面对绿色壁垒的应对措施.     

民营旅行社在中国的发展

通过民营企业东星旅行社借助汉口国旅的“壳资源”进军出境旅游业务的事例，探讨民营资本向旅行社行业扩张时，面临的各种制度壁垒和其他困难，并联系中国加入世贸带来的机遇和挑战，对民营旅行社的发展和扩张提出了系列想法和建议。     

Russia: Firm entry and survival barriers

Why are there so few new firms in Russia? This paper provides further insights into the specific Russian business landscape and how it impacts the low level of new firm entry. As this paper indicates, internationally comparative data do not provide many clues, since in terms of purely formal constraints Russia fares comparatively well. However, a deeper analysis uncovers the informal impediments associated with the lack of rule of law, inconsistent enforcement of regulations, regional autonomy and pervasive corruption. These informal constraints form impediments not only for new firm creation but also for firm survival and firm exit.     

外贸企业开展绿色营销的必要性及策略分析

随着全球保护意识的增强，世界各国都在实施可持续发展战略，强调经济发展应与环境保护相协调，作为绿色保护运动的一个重要组成部分绿色营销业正成为社会和企业认真研究的热门话题。外贸企业开展绿色营销是走向世界的重要途径。     

知识联盟中的学习障碍研究

知识联盟是企业获取外部知识的重要途径。然而 ,在知识联盟中却蕴含着各种形式的学习障碍 ,制约了知识的有效转移。本文首先从知识、企业和联盟对象三方面分析了联盟中学习障碍的状况及主要来源。     

论贸易技术壁垒的性质及其经济效应

贸易技术壁垒本身具有针对性和隐蔽性强、一定的合法性以及影响面广等特点，使得贸易技术壁垒成为国际贸易中使用最广泛、效果最显著的非关税壁垒措施之一。无可争辩的事实是：有些贸易技术壁垒措施具有合理性，也为国际贸易发展创造了新的机遇，但也有一些贸易技术壁垒措施从科学技术、卫生、检疫、安全、环保、产品质量和认证等方面入手，披上合法外衣，灵活多变，使得国外厂商难以应付，实际上已经成为推行新贸易保护主义的手段，从而影响着各国经济政策的制定，因而也就直接或间接地制约着国际贸易的发展速度，并在一定程度上影响着国际贸易的商品结构、地理方向，引起不同国家间、集团问的贸易摩擦和冲突。     

技术性贸易壁垒对我国出口贸易的影响及应对措施

随着经济全球化和贸易自由化进程的加快,国际贸易保护手段发生了重大变化。技术性贸易壁垒正成为贸易壁垒的主体。我国出口也因此受到了很大的影响。为此,我们应积极采取应对措施突破技术性贸易壁垒:建立出口商品预警机制;推行国际标准和国际认证;提高企业技术创新能力开辟新的市场;尽快培养出大批专门人才。     

Income Redistribution with Well-Informed Local Governments

This paper examines the problem of redistributing incomeacross jurisdictions and to mobile workers within jurisdictionswhen local governments have better information than the centralgovernment about local production conditions. Under the centralgovernments optimal policy, the subsidies or taxes that localgovernments provide to mobile workers normally depend on whetherthese governments are net recipients or net donors of interjurisdictionalincome transfers. Moreover, the public-input decisions of somelocal governments are distorted. The analysis demonstrates thatit may not be desirable to harmonize social policies across jurisdictions,even when the beneficiaries are quite mobile.