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1.
This paper applies principles of transition to land tenure and squatting in South Africa. Political transition in South Africa reassigned political property rights, which produced contestable, and rent‐seeking incentives for squatting as a means to privatize land and redistribute wealth. Government failure to establish and protect private property rights in a squatter camp resulted in common‐pool problems that resisted private and public resolution with consequent rent dissipation and social loss. In response to this retreat from duty, informal agents emerged to claim their own share of the prize. Without enforceable rules of capture, the growth of squatter camps in South Africa will continue. JEL classification: D7, H8, K1, K4, R1, R4. 相似文献
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中日韩自由贸易区的贸易流量和福利效应分析:一个局部均衡的校准方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
校准方法作为一种确定数理经济模型中的变量和参数的手段之一,在贸易政策的建模研究中得到广泛的应用.本文以局部均衡为基础,利用中日韩三国自1990~2003年共14年的贸易额及相关数据建立校准模型,并对拟议中的中日韩自由贸易区做出比较静态分析,从产业层面来模拟中日韩自由贸易区建成后所可能带来的福利效应.分析结果表明,中日韩三国建立自由贸易区会增加彼此的国民福利水平,并会对未加入贸易协定的其他东亚国家产生影响.因此,在东亚形成更为广泛的自由贸易安排从区域合作的角度来看是一种更佳的合作方式. 相似文献
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运用偏最小二乘回归模型及其辅助分析手段对商业银行盈利能力影响因素进行一次深入、细致、系统的梳理。研究表明,影响商业银行盈利能力的前六大因素依次为净息差、资产质量、成本收入比、风险承受能力、金融创新及存贷比,而银行资产规模对盈利能力的贡献度最低。为提升商业银行盈利能力,必须强化金融创新能力、防控商业银行风险、完善金融监管体制。 相似文献
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The paper attempts to identify the telecom-sector performance indicators, relevant economic variables, and institutional characteristics
of a country that effect the process of privatization of state-owned telecom enterprises. Using standard duration analysis
of a panel data, we demonstrate that the privatization incentives are not only shaped by the mobility of financial capital
in a country but are also influenced by the degree of competitiveness of private sector participation in policy-making process.
The empirical results also reveal the significant impact of productive efficiency in telecom service provision on its course
to privatization.
We thank an anonymous referee for helpful comments and suggestions. We are solely responsible for all mistakes. 相似文献
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We examine the effects of public ownership and regulatory agency independence on regulatory outcomes in EU telecommunications.
Specifically, we study regulated interconnect rates paid by entrants to incumbents. We find that public ownership of the incumbent
positively affects these interconnect rates, and suggest that governments influence regulatory outcomes in favor of incumbents
in which they are substantially invested. However, we also find that the presence of institutional features enhancing regulatory
independence from the government mitigates this effect. In order to study regulatory independence, we introduce a new cross-country
time-series database—the European Union Regulatory Institutions (EURI) Database. This database describes the development of
institutions bearing on regulatory independence and quality in telecommunications in the 15 founding EU member states from
1997 to 2003
*We thank Laurent Pipitone for superb research assistance. Geoff Edwards thanks the Sasakawa Foundation and the Institute
of Management, Innovation and Organization at the Haas School of Business for generous financial assistance, and London Business
School for non-financial support. Leonard Waverman thanks the Global Communications Consortium for support 相似文献
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J. Mencinger 《Empirica》1993,20(3):189-204
The illusions that market mechanism would transform former communist countries easily into welfare states were gradually replaced by disappointments. Major problems are common to all countries in transition; they all endured an unprecedented fall in measured output and rise of unemployment. Four countries: former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovenia constitute a group in which the fall was the lowest and which also have reached the bottom. While the mechanisms of depression in these countries differ basic links of the vicious circle seem to be similar. The transition is reflected in constitutional provisions on property rights; new constitutions depart radically from their socialist predecessors, return to the principles of French revolution, and provide more than adequate protection of private property. Equally important are legal frameworks for market activities, and privatization aimed to improve efficiency, enable fairness, and serve in the abolition of the monoparty system. 相似文献
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Forward‐looking partial moment volatility indices are developed using state‐pricing, called the bear index (BEX) and bull index (BUX). Using S&P 500 index (SPX) option prices, we find that BEX and BUX provide superior forecasts for the lower and upper partial moments of future market realised volatility, respectively. We examine the relation between SPX returns and changes in BEX and BUX at the daily level. Results are consistent with the volatility feedback hypothesis. Further, we show that BEX may be more suitable as the ‘investor fear gauge’ than VIX. 相似文献