模仿行为经济学分析——对经济波动的一种新解释

当前 ,世界经济面临衰退的威胁 ,科学解释经济波动具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。RBC理论或方法是当代西方经济学界解释经济波动最具前沿的一种理论或方法 ,也是宏观经济分析的方向。但存在明显缺陷。本文在修正RBC模型的基础上 ,首次建立模仿行为理论模型重新解释经济波动 ,并就中国政府在防止和治理经济波动的作用进行了独特的解释 ,认为政府所起的作用是示范人作用。     

资源型城市经济可持续发展的理性思考

资源型城市在发展过程中，面临着经济结构畸形、资源面临枯竭、城市布局不合理、基础设施差以及生态破坏严重、环境污染加剧等问题，走可持续发展之路成为资源型城市发展的必然选择。要克服资源、经济、体制等方面的制约，通过经济政策、生态化改造、市场需求拉动等手段，加快城市转型步伐，促进经济多元化，把资源优势转化为经济优势，实现经济的可持续发展。     

基于小型开放经济RBC模型的中国经济波动模拟分析

以随机动态一般均衡模型作为基本分析框架,建立一个具有投资组合调整成本的小型开放经济实际经济周期(RBC)模型,在模型参数校准的基础上分析模型对中国经济波动典型化事实的模拟能力和方差分解效应,结果表明:小型开放经济RBC模型平均可以模拟大约80%以上的中国经济波动;技术冲击是造成中国产出和就业波动的主要因素。     

能源价格对经济波动的影响分析

在考察经济波动的特征事实的基础上,将能源价格引入到不可分劳动的RBC模型中,通过对模型的校准和模拟,可验证模型对现实经济的解释力度。通过建立技术冲击与能源价格冲击的脉冲响应函数,分析技术冲击与能源价格冲击对经济的影响程度。通过分析,得出结论：一是能源价格对产出具有抑制作用,并且会加速通货膨胀,但是对于通货膨胀的推动作用具有滞后性;二是引入能源价格冲击的不可分劳动的RBC模型能够较好地解释产出和消费的波动;三是技术冲击和能源价格冲击都会引起经济的波动,技术冲击的强度要大于能源价格冲击,但是能源价格冲击对于经济波动的作用具有长期性。     

资源配置、产业结构与全要素生产率：基于真实经济周期模型的分析*

本文旨在测算、分析中国经济及各产业部门的全要素生产率和年均增长率、产业结构高度及其合理化程度，再结合其他37个国家的相应数据进行国际比较。本文依据真实经济周期模型推导出全要素生产率的测算方程并构建了测算产业结构高度及其合理化程度的两个指标。本文发现，由三大产业部门全要素生产率水平之间的差异和部门间规模巨大的人力资本转移而形成的“结构效益”，能够合理解释中国经济整体全要素生产率年均增长率较高但三大产业部门却处在较低水平甚至负增长这两个看似矛盾的经济事实。本文从数理逻辑和经验研究两个角度验证了“产出增长率效应”和“结构效益”的存在。本文通过国际比较发现，中国经济产业结构高度及其合理化程度大幅落后于多数高收入国家。     

Gender differences in the volatility of work hours and labor demand

This paper examines the role of heterogeneity in a real business cycle model, which traditionally has not fully captured the relative volatility of hours to output. Men and women have different cyclical volatilities in hours worked, which is robust to different filtering methods. This empirical regularity is used to motivate a standard RBC model augmented to allow for two different agents following Jaimovich et al. (2013). These two agents have identical utility functions, but face different elasticities of labor demand due to their different complementarities with capital. These estimated elasticities find that women are more complementary to capital. The calibrated model generates the cyclical volatility of work hours by gender and for the total hours worked that matches the U.S. data better than the traditional representative agent model. I then explore other extensions to this model including investigating the stability of the estimated labor demand elasticities and allowing for various Frisch elasticities of labor supply. This paper demonstrates that allowing for even broad levels of heterogeneity in a simple framework can increase the model’s tractability with the data. Since gender is important to explain U.S. business cycle dynamics, we need to carefully consider heterogeneity when analyzing counter-cyclical economic policy, as it may not have symmetric effects across assorted groups.     

民间资本在东北资源型城市经济转型中的作用

经济转型是东北资源型城市发展的唯一途径.在经济转型过程中,民间资本的介入,不仅可以解决转型中巨大资金缺口,还可以缓解就业压力,解决结构单一问题,利于吸引外资、加速城市化进程.为此,应建立和完善相关的法律制度,拓宽民间投融资渠道,加大政府"筑巢引凤"力度,以保障民间资本在资源型城市转型中发挥巨大作用.     

Technological Innovations and the Interest Rate

We build a dynamic general equilibrium model that adds a banking sector to the standard RBC model. We look at the response of the real interest rate to innovations in the banks' technology and in the nonbank firms' technology. While technological innovations in the nonbanking sector put upward pressure on the interest rate, technological innovations in banks exert downward pressure on the interest rate. This implies that, if the technological innovations in banks are strong enough, stochastic simulation experiments generate negative correlations between the real interest rate and current and future values of real output. This is especially significant because negative correlations between the interest rate and output are a key post-war U.S. business cycle fact difficult to replicate in benchmark dynamic models.     

Asset prices and business cycles under market incompleteness

In this paper, we study the quantitative implications of a real business cycle model where the firm is the capital owner, households are heterogeneous, and markets are incomplete due to restricted asset trade. Since, under these assumptions, the usual firm objective is no longer well defined, several non-standard objectives are incorporated into the model. These include variants of market value maximization and a utility function for the firm. We find that the presence of market incompleteness alters little the behavior of asset returns. On the other hand, the behavior of the macroeconomic aggregates is quite sensitive to the firm objective, which affects the capital accumulation path. In contrast to conventional findings, capital is not necessarily higher when markets are incomplete. In addition, the different capital accumulation effects imply that shareholders with different asset wealth might prefer different firm objectives.