创新型产业集群与政策资源依赖关系研究

政府通过创新平台投入大量政策资源刺激创新,以提升产业集群竞争力。在该发展模式下,产业集群竞争力提升后,集群会更加依赖政策资源还是能够摆脱对政策资源的依赖？以资源依赖理论为基础,将产业集群竞争力分为创新竞争力、规模竞争力和市场竞争力,探讨创新型产业集群竞争力与政策资源依赖之间的关系。以109个创新型产业集群为研究对象,首先采用DEA三阶段分析法,对政策资源依赖进行量化;其次,运用主成分分析法对规模竞争力、创新竞争力和市场竞争力进行量化分析;最后,通过回归分析探究创新型产业集群规模竞争力、创新竞争力、市场竞争力与政策资源依赖之间的关系。结果表明,创新型产业集群创新竞争力、规模竞争力和市场竞争力与政策资源依赖的关系特征存在差异,且受地域和行业影响。具体地,创新型产业集群规模竞争力与政策资源依赖的相关关系十分显著,创新竞争力与政策资源依赖的相关性不显著,市场竞争力在部分地区、行业与政策资源依赖存在显著相关关系。研究结论对于制定合理的创新型产业集群培育政策、推进高端制造业发展具有借鉴意义。     

Indigenous management

Much of the existing literature on the co-ordination and control of HRM in MNEs is written from the perspective of the 'view from above' that often ignores or plays down the politics and changing nature of the relationships between the centre and its subsidiaries. In this paper, we take a 'view from below' in exploring the politics of change in CASHCO, a well-known US MNE. The case study documents the motivation and ability of a UK subsidiary of CASHCO to respond positively to the centralized control of HRM through the near-constant transfer of US 'best practice' over a period of two decades. During this time, the UK subsidiary transformed itself from a loss-making, resource-dependent manufacturer to one that is a world leader in its particular field. In doing so, it had much less incentive to follow the lead of its less successful US headquarters and responded accordingly to ethnocentric control from the US through a range of political strategems. We conclude, first, that different strategies of HRM control used by corporate headquarters of MNEs will work effectively only when the assumptions underlying these strategies reflect the history, context and power base of particular subsidiaries. Second, we conclude that the effectiveness of control strategies will be influenced significantly by the incentive and ability of subsidiary managers to comply with centralized control. Finally, the case has some practical lessons for US managers who seek to transfer best practice to overseas subsidiaries, especially in the form of radical programmes of corporate culture change.     

FDI decisions and business-group insider control: Evidence from Taiwanese group-affiliated firms investing in the Chinese market

Based on resource-dependence theory, three hypotheses are developed and tested regarding the negative relationship between equity stakes in group-affiliated firms held by business-group headquarters and (1) the slack resources of group-affiliated firms, (2) the products of group-affiliated firms that are similar to those of the business-group headquarters, and (3) the human capital of group-affiliated firms. OLS regressions are used to test the hypotheses on a sample of existing group-affiliates of 218 business-groups entering the China market to establish a new affiliate, including 1015 observations during the 2004–2011 period. This study points to a new avenue for research on international business and business-group literature regarding ownership relations between group-affiliated firms and business-group headquarters.