美国联邦政府单一审计制度及其借鉴意义

单一审计制度是美国联邦政府的一项重要审计制度。《单一审计法》对美国联邦政府转移支付审计制度进行了详细的规定。本文介绍了单一审计制度,同时结合我国转移支付审计的实际情况,提出了我国在转移支付审计方面应注意的问题,以及如何进一步改进的建议。     

Extracting the information: espionage with double crossing

This paper addresses two very old issues in human society: espionage and double crossing. Our major conclusion points out that there will be a serious over rewarding problem in the direct mechanism due to double crossing in espionage, and a competitive mechanism with a relative performance regime can possibly mitigate the over rewarding problem and still extract the information.      

Has Austria’s Accession to the EU Triggered an Increase in Competition? A Sectoral Markup Study

We estimate the pro-competitive effects of Austrias participation in the Single Market after its European Union (EU) accession in 1995 in terms of firms market power as measured by the Lerner index, using a sample of 46 industries and 7 industry groups, covering the period 1978–2001. In the framework of the markup estimation method suggested by Roeger (1995), we test for both an instantaneous structural break between 1993 and 1998 and also estimate logistic smooth transition models to take up the proposition that the regime shift is likely to have occurred gradually rather than as a big bang. In sum, the results provide no reason for being euphoric: Pronounced markup reductions were only found in three industry groups (mining and quarrying, wholesale and retail trade; financial services and real estate). At the more disaggregate level, the picture is mixed: Both increases and reductions in market power have been found.     

Memoryless Reigns of the “Sons of Heaven”

Human lifetimes have increasing failure rates; as people age (beyond early childhood) they are more likely to die. Viewing the succession of Chinese Emperors as a statistical ensemble we show that, unlike lifetimes, their reigns ceased at a constant rate for over two millennia, unaffected by elapsed time. In fact reign lengths of the “Sons of Heaven”, as the Chinese Emperors were known, followed a memoryless exponential distribution with a 10-year half-life. Becoming emperor not only influenced the duration of remaining life, but length of rule was independent of age at ascent. We propose an explanation for the observed exponentiality using asymptotic results from the theory of stationary stochastic processes.     

外加电流阴极保护技术在跨海大桥耐久性设计中的应用推广

结构的耐久性能一直是工程界研究的一个主要问题,在跨海大桥的耐久性设计方面,在国内,目前普遍选择牺牲阳极法作为阴极保护方法,而在国外跨海大桥的防腐保护中,外加电流法已经成为一种最常用的阴极保护方法。本文着重介绍外加电流法的基本原理及在杭州湾跨海大桥中的应用,供其它跨海大桥及港口工程参考。     

Environmental grants and regulations in strategic farm business decision-making: A case study of attitudinal behaviour in Scotland

This paper addresses the question of farmer responses to agri-environmental programming in light of the Single Farm Payment, focusing on the role of environmental regulations and grant schemes in strategic farm decision-making. Utilising Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour in a qualitative case study of farmers in Upper Deeside, Scotland, it was found that farmer respondents actively consider environmental regulations and grant opportunities as part of their decision rationale in making investments in farm development, such as agro-industrial building construction or securing additional land. Fulfilling agri-environmental regulations is constructed by respondents as being part of ensuring farm viability, while eligibility for agri-environmental schemes is impacting on how tenanted land is valued. The author identifies three mechanisms facilitating farmer up-take of environmental schemes, and makes a case for consideration of farmers as experts in producing environmental outcomes while maintaining economic sustainability of farming operations.     

基于单片机的数据复用器研究

本文探讨的是一个两路的数据复用器,该数据复用器采用异步串行通信方式,主要用89C51单片机来实现,我们从硬件和软件两方面完成了数据复用器的设计与开发及调试,通过实际的安装,基本达到了该复用器的设计性能指标,它具有结构简单、体积小、传输数据可靠等特点。     

PIC16C5X单片机及其在圆织机中的应用

本文主要介绍ＰＩＣ１６Ｃ５Ｘ系列单片机的特点及其圆织机控制系统中的应用,给出了圆织机控制系统的硬件原理图和软件框图,并着重分析了该系统硬件特点,以供单片机设计人员参考。     

TMS32020的内部结构、指令系统和应用

TMS 32020是美国德克萨斯仪器公司(TI)继TMS 32010之后,于1986年上半年推出的又一个16/32位高档单芯片计算机.本文将从系统结构入手,对该种单片机的性能作简单介绍,对其应用开发进行初步探讨.