Overcoming the “Solow paradox”: Tariff reduction and productivity growth of Chinese ICT firms

This paper examines the phenomenon of the “Solow paradox” in China using the Annual Survey of Industrial Production database and the China Customs Records dataset from 1998 to 2007. We find that China likely fell into the Solow paradox in the period 1998–2002, but the total factor productivity of information and communication technology (ICT) enterprises has achieved rapid growth since 2003. Accession to the World Trade Organization is the key reason for China to overcome the Solow paradox, that is, input tariff reduction significantly promoted the productivity of ICT firms. A series of validity and robustness checks confirmed the results. Mechanism analysis shows that input liberalization promotes the productivity of ICT firms through optimizing factor structure, importing more and high-quality inputs, and increasing research and development investment. The conclusions provide strong empirical evidence for developing countries to overcome the Solow paradox through trade liberalization.     

Teams, Firms and the Evolution of Profit Seeking Behavior

Even as advances in information theory over the last quarter century have cast increasing doubt on the proposition that firms successfully maximize profits, the objective of profit maximization continues to be an axiomatic feature of the neoclassical theory of the firm. This paper attempts to improve our understanding firms by treating the objective function as an open question. Specifically, an ontogenetic thought experiment is undertaken to address the question of what differentiates production teams from firms by asking why team members would sell their control rights to a principal, thereby transforming the team into a firm. What results is an account of the emergence of the objective of profit seeking. Profit seeking emerges endogenously as a more fit alternative than the objective of value maximization, which is less capable of coping with uncertainty through purposive adaptation.     

商业银行操作风险管理体系建设研究

操作风险管理在我国尚处于起步阶段,各商业银行将于2010年底全面实施《新巴塞尔协议》对于风险管理的规定。本文针对我国商业银行的现状及未来发展,从实践的角度,对操作风险管理体系的主要框架、所含内容以及操作方法等问题进行了讨论。     

试论企业经营者人力资本激励与约束

本文从企业经营者人力资本的一般特征入手,进一步延伸分析了企业经营者人力资本的产权特征,在此基础上论述了企业经营者激励与约束的制度选择,即赋予企业经营者剩余控制权和部分剩余索取权。     

企业剩余分享及其产权机理

企业剩余由资本所有者独享向其他要素所有者共同分享的演进是现代企业治理结构发展的一个重要趋势。本文对剩余和剩余分享进行了界定,分析了剩余分享的几种情形,阐释了剩余分享的内在产权机理及其主要途径。     

中国国有银行的资本金谜团

本文旨在考察中国国有银行资本金谜团的由来 ,并为破解该谜团提供一种可能的视角。本文的讨论表明 ,国有银行之所以能在真实资本极少得到补充且不良贷款比率居高不下的情况下保持稳定 ,是因为国家与居民在中国特殊的改革背景下建立起了一种奇妙的资本联盟。由于在这种联盟中 ,国家以声誉入股且具有不可分性 ,因此 ,中国国有银行改革的可行方式是谋求改变资产结构 ,而不是试图重组资本结构。     

养老保险制度转轨的经济学分析

养老保险制度从现收现付制到基金制的转轨是当今社会保障制度改革的潮流。从经济学的角度看 ,必须满足条件 :市场实际利率大于消费贴现率 ,消费贴现率大于人口增长率与劳动生产率增长率之和 ,并且都大于零 ,养老保险的转轨才能提高效率。当前 ,我国养老保险制度转轨的时机尚未成熟 ,不宜实行完全基金制。     

Understanding the impacts of ‘Grain for Green’ land management practice on land greening dynamics over the Loess Plateau of China

Land greening in China is regarded as contributing a great deal to greening of the Earth. The phenomenon is mainly attributed to climate change, arising atmospheric CO₂ and ‘Grain for Green’ (GFG) land management policies. However, limited knowledge is known how much land greening is from contributions of the GFG practice. Therefore, the study took the typical region of the GFG practice, the Loess Plateau, as the study area, and used 1982–2015 satellite-observed GIMMS3g normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, ERA-Interim climatic variables (precipitation, temperature and solar radiation) and atmospheric CO₂ concentration data with the help of a developed TPRC-based NDVI model to derive GFG-induced NDVI after 1999. Furthermore, this study tracked the spatial-temporal dynamics of GFG-induced NDVI and assessed contributions of the GFG practice to regional vegetation changes. Results showed that satellite-observed NDVI and TPRC-based NDVI both exhibited an increasing spatial pattern from the northwestern to southeastern Loess Plateau, but their greening trends were separately 0.0022 and 0.0009 per year in 1982–2015 (p < 0.05). Note that the satellite-observed greening trend was much steeper with a slope of 0.0056 per year after 2006 (p < 0.05). The subsequent analyses documented that GFG-induced land greening were largely responsible for the steep trend. In space, evident greening patterns began to be observed in the central Loess Plateau from 2006 to 2008, afterwards expanded towards eastern and southwestern Loess Plateau. In 2011–2015, the increase magnitude of GFG-induced land greening in the Loess Plateau averagely accounted for 8.5 % in comparison to estimated TPRC-based NDVI, but in six natural zones were various, ranging from 3.2%–15.7%. In some regions of central Loess Plateau, GFG-induced NDVI contributed even more than 20 % to vegetation increase. This study highlights that land use management contributes more to land greening dynamics over the Loess Plateau compared to climate change and arising atmospheric CO₂ concentration. These findings likely provide some valuable information for curbing or enhancing specific-location vegetation changes in future regional land management and planning.     

The economics of the super‐multiplier: A comprehensive treatment with labor markets

This paper links the super‐multiplier to Keynesian macroeconomics, showing it to be the most Keynesian of growth perspectives. Next, the paper shows that the super‐multiplier is a micro‐economically coherent theory of investment and capital accumulation. Firms’ decisions regarding capital accumulation coordinate demand and supply growth in goods markets. The paper then explores the implications of incorporating the super‐multiplier in the neo‐Kaleckian and Cambridge growth models. Lastly, it shows how labor markets and unemployment can be added into super‐multiplier models to provide a comprehensive growth model that addresses Solow's (1956, Journal of Economics, 70, 65–94) labor market knife‐edge problem. Incorporating labor markets does not change the fundamental super‐multiplier result that growth is determined by the growth of autonomous demand.     

废旧机电产品再循环模式研究

能否有效处理日益增加的废旧机电产品对我国经济的可持续发展有着重要的影响。文章从产品的角度提出基于循环经济的“3个循环”的概念，并在分析现有废旧机电产品循环模式的基础上提出第二循环模式，同时给出了相应的产品剩余寿命评价模型。