高等职业技术教育专科学制改为二年的探讨

高等职业技术教育专科学制由三年改为二年是教育部根据市场需要、提高高等教育毛入学率的要求以及从减轻家长负担的角度考虑所做出的综合发展战略。我们要紧紧把握高等职业技术教育培养高技能型紧缺人才这一目标，重新定位，坚持以服务为宗旨、以就业为导向，进行广泛的校企合作。通过课程调整，实现与岗位的高匹配、零接轨，提高高等职业技术专科学生的就业率。     

《技术制图》新旧标准对照

以对照方法介绍了《技术制图》与《机械制图》中三个基础标准的适用范围、采标情况及基本内容。     

Got milk? The rapid rise of China’s dairy sector and its future prospects

This paper synthesizes recent research and new empirical findings to build a more comprehensive understanding of developments in China’s dairy sector. China’s tremendous rise in dairy demand has been driven by several mutually reinforcing factors: including rapid income growth, promotion by the government and dairy industry, changes in urban lifestyles, and the development of new, more sophisticated marketing channels. Domestic milk output has grown to satisfy rising demand largely by increasing the dairy herd. Substantial increases in productivity have been achieved through technology adoption, but there is evidence that the torrid growth has created inefficiencies because adaptations to marketing rules, infrastructure, and institutions have not kept pace with the changing environment. These results suggest there is ample room for future growth in both domestic milk production and dairy demand, but multinational firms and imported products will likely play and increasing role as China’s dairy market continues to develop.     

西气东输工程用感应加热弯管技术条件探讨

在对国外X70管线弯管技术条件进行调查分析与研究的基础上，对其中的几个关键技术问题包括母管成分，弯管的制造工艺和技术路线，强度与韧性要求，屈强比，Cu污染问题等进行了讨论。一些观点在西气东输感应加弯管技术条件中得到应用。     

Implications of variant efficiency measures for policy evaluations in UK higher education

Policy goals in UK higher education encourage the publicly funded universities to become more-specialised and larger in size without compromising output quality. Efficiency gains are expected to flow from this increased specialisation in accordance with universities’ comparative research and teaching strengths. Mergers to reap further gains from economies of scale are also being actively encouraged. Given this scenario, the paper investigates whether best-practice efficiency measurement based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) provides empirical support for the current policy goals. It also assesses whether such support is dependent on the specific type of efficiency measure used in the DEA modelling. This assessment finds that a selection of (nine) commonly used, variant efficiency measures generally support the current policy goals. The paper also uses the principal-agent framework to explore the issues involved in using computed DEA-based efficiency scores for policy evaluations and possible funding guidance in UK higher education. This highlights empirically how policy-makers and universities can have very different preferences about which efficiency measure is to be used for policy evaluations and possible funding guidance.     

适应高技术战争需要,加快我军装备物流建设

强大的军事物流体系已经成为高技术战争强有力的支撑。军事物流的能力和水平，已经成为决定战争进程和结果的关键性制约因素。本文从高技术战争的特点和发展趋势出发，提出了高技术战争对军事物流的需求；基于对美军军事物流的分析，对装备物流的基本内涵、装备物流建设的发展战略和需要重视的问题进行了初步的探讨。     

技术性贸易壁垒内涵辨正

进入21世纪以来，技术性贸易壁垒替代反倾销成为我国面临的第一大非关税壁垒。但是对于技术性贸易壁垒，世界贸易组织框架下的相关协议，即《技术性贸易壁垒协议》和《实施卫生和植物卫生措施协议》，并没有做出明确的定义。因此，在分析世贸组织相关协议和判例的基础上，提炼出技术性贸易壁垒的内核，以对技术性贸易壁垒的含义加以澄清并重新认识，对于我国具有重大而深远的意义。     

对企业技术创新自我实现的经济学分析

本文从经济学的理论角度分析了企业技术创新自我实现的可能性。分析发现：产品被成熟生产后的产量与资本报酬和资本边际生产率的大小有直接关系。因此，企业发展内部本身就可以通过市场供需调节来实现创新的循环和延续。从这一点上说，国家对于企业技术创新的鼓励政策应该更加依靠市场机制的作用。     

论贸易技术壁垒的性质及其经济效应

贸易技术壁垒本身具有针对性和隐蔽性强、一定的合法性以及影响面广等特点，使得贸易技术壁垒成为国际贸易中使用最广泛、效果最显著的非关税壁垒措施之一。无可争辩的事实是：有些贸易技术壁垒措施具有合理性，也为国际贸易发展创造了新的机遇，但也有一些贸易技术壁垒措施从科学技术、卫生、检疫、安全、环保、产品质量和认证等方面入手，披上合法外衣，灵活多变，使得国外厂商难以应付，实际上已经成为推行新贸易保护主义的手段，从而影响着各国经济政策的制定，因而也就直接或间接地制约着国际贸易的发展速度，并在一定程度上影响着国际贸易的商品结构、地理方向，引起不同国家间、集团问的贸易摩擦和冲突。     

Evaluating the efficiency change and productivity progress of the top global telecom operators since OTT's prevalence

The telecommunications industry has undergone significant evolvement from fixed to mobile substitution (FMS) to fixed mobile convergence (FMC) and now to over-the-top (OTT) services due to the huge rise in data usage. This paper explores efficiency variation during the period 2012–2017 for the top 41 global telecom operators in Forbes Global, 2000. Based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) meta-frontier approach to reflect differences in production functions, the empirical results herein show that the number of operators achieving technical efficiency with respect to the meta-frontier fell from 13 firms in 2012 to 10 firms in 2013 to 8 firms in 2014 to 8 firms in 2015 and then to 7 firms in 2016, but then rose to 11 firms in 2017, displaying the impact from rise in OTT. For the mobile-only group, the average technical efficiency with respect to the meta-frontier is 0.841, which is superior to the fixed-mobile group's 0.774 and the fixed-only group's 0.714, and the group difference is significant among the three facilities-based groups. The meta-frontier estimation suggests that the fixed-mobile group has the highest meta-technology ratio (MTR) of 0.901 versus the mobile-only group's 0.886 and fixed-only group's 0.718. The empirical results offer policy implications for regulators to encourage telecom operators to have fixed-mobile operations. We further suggest that telecom operators cooperate with OTT service providers and invest in them in order to take advantage of people's more personalized digital life.