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1.
Francisco Muñoz Leiva Francisco Javier Montoro Ríos Teodoro Luque Martínez 《Quality and Quantity》2006,40(4):519-537
In the process of coding open-ended questions, the evaluation of interjudge reliability is a critical issue. In this paper,
using real data, the behavior of three coefficients of reliability among coders, Cohen’s K, Krippendorff’s α and Perreault and Leigh’s I
r
are patterned, in terms of the number of judges involved and the categories of answer defined. The outcome underlines the
importance of both variables in the valuations of interjudge reliability, as well as the higher adequacy of Perreault and
Leigh’s I
r
and Krippendorff’s α for marketing and opinion research. 相似文献
2.
3.
上市公司可持续发展评价体系构建 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目前,我国上市公司业绩评价体系门类繁多,但专门评价可持续发展能力的指标体系尚停留在探索阶段。本文在现有研究基础上,构建了上市公司可持续发展的实现模型,并选取定量指标,采用变异系数总指数法赋予权重,建立了上市公司可持续发展评价体系。以2003年我国电子行业上市公司为样本进行检验,结果发现,其结果与《2003年度中国上市公司业绩评价报告》具有一致性。 相似文献
4.
Technological change in energy systems: Learning curves, logistic curves and input-output coefficients 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Learning curves have recently been widely adopted in climate-economy models to incorporate endogenous change of energy technologies, replacing the conventional assumption of an autonomous energy efficiency improvement. However, there has been little consideration of the credibility of the learning curve. The current trend that many important energy and climate change policy analyses rely on the learning curve means that it is of great importance to critically examine the basis for learning curves. Here, we analyse the use of learning curves in energy technology, usually implemented as a simple power function. We find that the learning curve cannot separate the effects of price and technological change, cannot reflect continuous and qualitative change of both conventional and emerging energy technologies, cannot help to determine the time paths of technological investment, and misses the central role of R&D activity in driving technological change. We argue that a logistic curve of improving performance modified to include R&D activity as a driving variable can better describe the cost reductions in energy technologies. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the top-down Leontief technology can incorporate the bottom-up technologies that improve along either the learning curve or the logistic curve, through changing input-output coefficients. An application to UK wind power illustrates that the logistic curve fits the observed data better and implies greater potential for cost reduction than the learning curve does. 相似文献
5.
6.
TeWhan Hahn 《Review of Financial Economics》2004,13(4):357-370
This study investigates the stock-market reaction to layoff announcements where more than 1000 workers are affected. We employ a dummy variable regression (DVR) version of the market model and compare the results obtained using ordinary least squares (OLS) versus exponential GARCH (EGARCH), and value-weighted (VW) versus equally weighted (EW) market index. We find that the stock market responds negatively to layoffs attributed to low demand. We also find that contrary to prior research, the market reacts positively to restructuring-related layoffs on the announcement date. This pattern of market reaction is observed regardless of the market index used or the parameter estimation methods employed, although the empirical results indicate that using EGARCH/VW market index tends to generate fewer statistically significant test results and smaller (in the absolute size of the cumulative) abnormal returns (ARs). Taken together, our study provides additional support for the claim that studies of stock-market reaction to corporate events must account for the time variation in return volatility. Ignoring these could result in erroneous inferences. 相似文献
7.
《The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance》2014,54(3):393-404
We explore the time variation of factor loadings and abnormal returns in the context of a four-factor model. Our methodology, based on an application of the Kalman filter and on endogenous uncertainty, overcomes several limitations of competing approaches used in the literature. Besides taking learning into account, it does not rely on any conditioning information, and it only imposes minimal assumptions on the time variation of the parameters. Our estimates capture both short- and long-term fluctuations of risk loadings and abnormal returns, also showing marked variation across US industry portfolios. The results from mean-variance spanning tests indicate that our baseline model yields accurate predictions and can therefore improve pricing and performance measurement. 相似文献
8.
We document a robust pattern of beta declining over the age of a firm. We find that changes in systematic risk via firm characteristics and life-cycle stages are insufficient to explain this pattern. Moreover, standard proxies for the quantity and quality of information also explain this pattern only partially. To fully explain this pattern we rely on the increasingly important role of familiarity in financial decision making: familiarity is a determinant of beta and firm age is a proxy for the degree of familiarity that investors feel toward individual stocks. To illustrate the implication of our findings, we document that when we control for firm age there is support for the CAPM and its use as an input for the cost of equity capital calculation. 相似文献
9.
We introduce a new approach to measuring riskiness in the equity market. We propose option implied and physical measures of riskiness and investigate their performance in predicting future market returns. The predictive regressions indicate a positive and significant relation between time-varying riskiness and expected market returns. The significantly positive link between aggregate riskiness and market risk premium remains intact after controlling for the S&P 500 index option implied volatility (VIX), aggregate idiosyncratic volatility, and a large set of macroeconomic variables. We also provide alternative explanations for the positive relation by showing that aggregate riskiness is higher during economic downturns characterized by high aggregate risk aversion and high expected returns. 相似文献
10.
This paper analyses the dynamic influence of macroeconomic factors on oil commodity returns (crude oil and heating oil) shown in monthly data over the period of 1990–2013. Using a time-varying parameter model via the Kalman filter, we find that macroeconomic factors are relevant for explaining oil commodity returns. We find that multilateral exchange rates have a negative effect on commodity returns. We confirm the existence of a strong linkage between energy and non-energy commodities. More importantly, we find shifts in global demand and SP500 effects that are not identified through the constant parameter model. These variables have had a progressively positive effect on oil commodity returns, especially since 2008. 相似文献