用基变换方法求多项式的泰勒公式

通过分析多项式函数f(x)在不同点处的泰勒公式与线性空间基变换的联系,得到了多项式在同点处泰勒公式的一种求解方法。     

外推型预期公式的检验与评价

经济学中的很多变量需要预测,其中的一个方法是运用外推型预期公式。由于外推型预期公式有 其自身特点和规律,即趋势值的选择是影响预测效果的一个主要变量,因此使用该公式进行经济预测时, 短期预测应选择较小的趋势值,长期预测应选取中间的趋势值。     

Trade-offs in sulfur emission trading in Europe

How to implement emission trading is one question in the current negotiations on a new sulfur protocol in Europe. Whereas the current protocol stipulates a 30 percent uniform reduction, national emission ceilings included in the proposed new protocol imply differentiated reductions. In addition, emission and fuel standards are proposed. This paper examines the costs and environmental impacts of emission trading. Emission trading combined with regulations is a new element in the paper. Calculations using the RAINS (Regional Acidification INformation and Simulation) model suggest that overlaying emission trading on regulations not only reduces the cost savings but has beneficial impacts as well: ecosystem protection is not changed and significant decreases in environmental benefits for countries are largely avoided. Emission trading can also be used to decrease emissions and increase ecosystem protection. If combined with existing legislation, emission trading minimizes losses in expected environmental benefits for some countries, and most countries gain. However, the initial distribution of emission ceilings has to be used so that some countries are not confronted with higher costs. Trade-offs appear to exist between the use of emission trading to achieve cost savings on the one hand, and ecosystem protection and distributional equity on the other.     

阿仑磷酸钠片联合唑来膦酸注射液治疗骨质疏松症患者的药物经济学评价

目的探讨阿仑磷酸钠片联合唑来膦酸注射液治疗骨质疏松症的成本-效果。方法选取2016年12月至2018年2月于阜新市中医医院骨伤科治疗的138例骨质疏松症患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组69例。对照组给予阿仑磷酸钠片治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上采用唑来膦酸注射液治疗,比较两组患者治疗效果,并进行成本-效果分析。结果观察组治疗有效率为97.10%,显著高于对照组的75.36%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,与对照组比较,观察组患者腰椎骨、股骨颈和Ward’s三角区骨密度水平显著提高(P<0.05),血清Ca2+、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、降钙素(HCT)水平显著提高(P<0.05),成本-效果比提高(P<0.05),不良反应发生率降低(P<0.05)。结论阿仑磷酸钠片联合唑来膦酸注射液治疗可明显提高骨质疏松症患者疗效,调节骨密度,有助于骨代谢指标恢复,但其成本也较高。     

国内外醋酸生产应用及市场分析

对国内外醋酸生产技术发展动向和市场供需作了综述。认为醋酸作为重要有机原料品种之一，在我国发展前景看好。借鉴国外发展策略，应淘汰包括乙烯-乙醛法在内的落后工艺，发展先进的甲醇羰基合成工艺，同时还应重视规模效应，在有条件的地区建300-500kt／a规模的装置是可取的。     

香兰素的合成方法综述

较详细介绍了香兰素的化学合成路线,重点介绍了用愈创木酚为原料的各种工艺路线,如我国目前采用的亚硝化工艺和国外普遍采用的乙醛酸工艺,还介绍了一些有研究前景的工艺路线,如对羟基苯甲醛法等;对各种工艺的优缺点进行了评价,认为乙醛酸工艺是一条较具发展前途的合成路线。     

Valuing Mortgage Insurance Contracts in Emerging Market Economies

We develop a new option-based method for the valuation of mortgage insurance contracts in closed form in an economy where agents are risk neutral. While the proposed valuation method is general and can be used in any market, it may be particularly useful in emerging market economies where other existing methods may be either inappropriate or are too difficult to implement because of the lack of relevant data. As an application, we price a typical Serbian government-backed mortgage insurance contract.     

Consistency conditions for affine term structure models

Sufficient conditions for the application of the Feynman-Kac formula for option pricing for wide classes of affine term structure models in the jump-diffusion case are derived by generalizing earlier results for bond pricing in the pure-diffusion case The author is grateful to Mikhail Chernov and Darrel Duffie for useful discussions and suggestions.     

New development: Regression-to-the-mean explains the otherwise puzzling coefficients in NHS England’s formula for funding CCGs

This paper reviews NHS England’s recent report on the formula that guides the allocation of tens of billions of pounds to clinical commissioning groups (CCGs). It finds deficiencies and errors in the unprincipled construction of the formula and substitutes Sir Francis Galton’s logical concept of ‘regression to the mean’ for the report’s ad hoc conjectures about striking patterns of certain coefficients.     

铁离子、亚铁离子变化对工业锅炉酸洗的影响

介绍工业锅炉酸洗中铁离子的来源,并以实例说明酸洗中应强化对铁离子、亚铁离子(Fe3+、Fe2+)的化学监测,使锅炉酸洗安全进行,及终点的判断。