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Various authors, including Elinor Ostrom, have shown that the legal form of a cooperative has many of the characteristics of a Common. Here we focus on cooperative conversion, through which conventional enterprises become labor‐managed firms (LMFs), viewing it dynamically as a communalization process. These processes are addressed in the light of a field survey carried out in France, looking at six firms involved in cooperative conversion. The changes entailed are two‐dimensional, both material and mental. This is visible, for example, when finding the capital to mount an LMF: members of the workforce must draw on their own funds; they must also believe in the project. Through our empirical observations we highlight the obstacles in the way of forming an LMF. In particular participants must undertake a work of negotiation hinging on stakes marked by the two, largely inseparable dimensions. Ultimately we query the ethic brought into play in the collective action of constituting a Common. Specifically, individuals must contribute to a collective action underpinned by principles of self‐governance, or commoning, the rock on which the Common rests. A key finding of our study is to demonstrate that a Common can only be successfully created if the constituent processes are consistent with the overall goal. In other words the manner in which we travel is inseparable from our final destination; otherwise we shall surely lose our way. 相似文献
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The empirical literature on farmer cooperatives is now fast emerging and developing in the areas of performance, ownership and governance, finance, and member attitude. We discuss 56 peer‐reviewed publications to illustrate the main findings and conclusions while outlining challenges and opportunities for future research. Generally, cooperative membership is found to positively impact price, yield, input adoption, income, and other indicators of member performance, yet there is growing evidence of an uneven distribution of benefits for small and large producers. In terms of structure, evidence of a causal relationship of ownership and governance to performance has been elusive, yet there are now many findings of inherent equity and long‐term debt constraints, often in the context of consolidation to drive scale and scope economies. Further inefficiency is observed to be driven by increased heterogeneity in member attitudes and objectives, in particular in terms of commitment and participation. Thus, overall, empirical work portrays farmer cooperatives as flawed and complex business organizations which nonetheless have a strong positive impact on its members. While applied research may progress in various directions, a general improvement in empirical methodologies is needed to allow robust analysis of mixed objectives in dynamic environments. 相似文献
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曹水群 《陕西省行政学院陕西省经济管理干部学院学报》2007,21(3):108-110
农民合作社提高了农民的组织化程度,改变了单家独户进入市场的弱势地位,解决了农民进入市场的难题。农民合作社的作用主要表现为:促进农村经济的发展和农民收入的提高;有利于农民素质的提高,促进农村精神文明建设;促进农村的民主法制建设。在社会主义新农村建设的过程中,必须重视合作社的积极作用,减少合作社发展过程中的不利因素,扶持并规范合作社健康发展。 相似文献
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王新志 《山东工商学院学报》2006,20(3):78-82
山东农村信用社存在产权不清、不良资产过重、管理体制不完善等问题,已严重制约了其正常发展与生存。要以改革管理体制和产权制度为重点,使农村信用社发展进入良性循环轨道。 相似文献
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合作R&D是企业整合研发资源的有效组织形式。本文对产业组织角度的合作R&D研究进行了较为细致的综述。首先列举了对合作R&D理论具有一定影响的经验研究;然后梳理了产业组织角度的合作R&D主流理论;之后介绍了较有代表性的非主流理论研究;最后是全文结论和留待进一步研究的论题。 相似文献
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虽然区域医药企业技术创新的模式有其固定的模式可循,但是创新的产品如何推向市场却没有固定的模式。基于技术创新的区域医药企业合作营销模式重点探讨区域医药创新产品推向市场的一种营销模式;同时本文探讨了一套对该营销模式进行评价的指标体系。 相似文献
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中国绿色食品物流市场发展与产业竞争力提升 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在分析我国绿色食品物流市场发展特点的基础上,指出应从观念转变和发展战略入手,利用合作竞争,发展我国绿色食品物流市场,提升产业竞争力,并从政策导向、物流企业的合作竞争以及盈利模式等方面提出了发展绿色食品物流的对策. 相似文献