Land tenure and rental in Western Sudan

This paper reports on aspects of land tenure in western Sudan, especially the nature of tenure insecurity and the functioning of the land rental market. The active land rental market accounted for about one-third of cultivated land. Patterns of land rental transactions, and tests of the importance of insecurity in renting land, where the owner may not be able to reclaim land rented out, do not support the presumption that rental markets perform poorly. The role of the sheikh as administrator of village land, and the claims of large landowners to vast tracts, are, however, important political problems that must be resolved before attempts at ‘rationalizing’ land tenure.     

Interlocking Lives: Employment Mobility and Family Fixity in Three Gentrifying Neighbourhoods of Montreal

This article explores the relationship between employment mobility, family fixity, and gentrification in the lives of 36 residents in and extended commuters to Montreal's southwest borough. Once described as the birthplace of industry in Canada, the neighbourhoods of Saint-Henri, Little Burgundy and Point Saint-Charles have undergone sweeping changes in recent decades. Inner-city areas are not necessarily where one expects to find mobile workers, but this is changing due to shifting gender roles, the rise of dual-income households and gentrification. Michael Savage's concept of ‘elective belonging’ proved particularly useful in understanding this connection. With its proximity to childcare, schools, stores and workplaces, the central city permits a more equitable division of labour within the household. Our place-based approach to mobile work enables us to capture a wide spectrum of experience, ranging from people with extended daily commutes to those whose work takes them away from home for days, weeks or months at a time. Our interviews reveal a connection between employment mobility and family gentrification, as upwardly mobile families find ways to localize other aspects of their lives. The simultaneity of mobility and immobility are often essential, especially in dual-income households. One parent's mobility often leads to the relative immobility of other family members.     

较发达地区农户参与农信社小额信贷程度的影响因素分析——基于苏北金湖农户“直接意愿”调查的实证检验

结合农户借贷行为特征,采用江苏省金湖县273个农户实地调查数据,通过基于"直接意愿调查法"的二元Probit模型,从需求和供给两方面实证分析中国较发达地区农户小额信用贷款的现状及影响因素,结果显示,外出务工人数、农村家庭大额非日常支出、农户人际关系的强弱和正规社会资本资源显著影响农户小额信贷的需求,而非农收入比重、农户兼业类型及地区人均贷款显著影响农户获得小额信贷的概率。因此,重视和挖掘农户潜在信贷需求,改进信贷产品服务和质量,满足农户多样化的资金需求,才是实现农村小额信贷的可持续发展之道。     

农村劳动力外流背景下“隔代家庭”初探——基于江西省波阳县的实地调查

以实地调查所获得的数据和资料为基础,描绘了我国社会转型时期农村劳动力外流之后新出现的隔代家庭现象,剖析了生活在隔代家庭中"留守老人"的生活感受、经济状况、与子女代际关系,以及"留守孩子"的抚育问题.结合我国农村的实际情况提出了建议.     

乡村振兴战略下要素国际流动的环境效果

乡村振兴战略和环境保护是当前经济工作中的重点。伴随经济全球化和“一带一路”战略的不断深入,生产要素国际流动日趋频繁。乡村振兴是国家重要发展战略,其重要抓手是实现农业现代化。因此,在小农户与现代农业共存的经济背景下,分析要素国际流动的环境效果,并根据现代农业发展的不同特征,对乡村振兴战略实施初始阶段和全面实施阶段分别进行分析后发现:在战略实施初始阶段,劳动流入加剧污染,反之改善环境;在战略全面实施阶段,资本流入改善环境,反之恶化环境。     

农户对新型农产品供应链认可度及影响因素分析——基于江苏省159户粮食种植户的调查数据

通过对江苏省159户粮食种植户的入户调查,利用多分类Logistic模型对粮农的新型农产品供应链认可度及其影响因素进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,六成以上的农户对新型农产品供应链基本持认可态度;农户经营特征是影响农户新型农产品供应链认可度的重要因素,其中,“非农就业人口占比”和“耕地面积”与新型农产品供应链认可度呈正相关关系,“粮食商品化率”与新型农产品供应链认可度呈负相关关系。     

大城市郊区农户农地流转意愿及影响因素——基于对上海郊区实地考察的研究

本文从大城市郊区的地理空间、经济空间、社会空间的特殊性出发,基于上海郊区210户农户的调研数据,实证分析了上海郊区土地流转现状、衣户对土地的认知情况及农户在土地流转中的意愿,从微观层次描述农户参与农地流转的意愿、动机、目的以及所动用的工具和手段,探讨了城市化框架体系下农村土地流转中的农户意愿及行为决策。     

西部地区农户金融需求及其影响因素的实证分析

以中国西部地区农户的借贷为基本研究对象,结合有关调查数据,分析了农户的信贷需求情况,并用Probit模型分析了西部地区农户金融需求的影响因素。分析表明：西部地区农户具有广泛的金融需求但从正规金融机构获得贷款的比例较低,其对利息具有一定的承受能力,借贷以短期、小额为主,用途兼有生活与生产性、但以生活性为主,借款未归还的比重较低。人口、劳动力、学生人数、劳动力平均年龄、劳动力最高受教育程度、家庭经营的土地面积、家庭收入、家庭储蓄水平、家庭收入来源、家庭距正规金融机构的距离、信用社是否对农户的评级、农户所在地是否存在有息借贷等指标,是影响西部地区样本农户是否具有金融需求的显著因素。     

武汉城市圈农民人均年纯收入差距研究

文章利用2000～2007年间武汉城市圈9城市历年统计年鉴的数据,对该城市圈各城市间农民人均年纯收入差距的演变,分别从绝对差距、相对差距、"倒U"型假说以及收敛性等角度,进行了全方位的详细分析。结果显示:绝对差距逐年扩大,而相对差距总体是缩小的,尽管期间扩大和缩小交替出现;库兹涅茨"倒U"型通过检验;δ-收敛和绝对β-收敛都通过了检验,证明了收敛性的存在;通过控制影响农民人均年纯收入差距的经济结构差异变量后,条件β-收敛显著存在,一产比重与收入的增长负相关,而二产比重则相反。     

On the rebound: estimating direct rebound effects for Australian households

Reducing dependence on fossil fuels by decreasing energy consumption is a common environmental policy. One mechanism used to achieve this is to encourage increased energy efficiency. However, improving efficiency may have an opposing effect and cause an increase in energy consumption if the intensity of use changes. This phenomenon is known as the rebound effect. We estimate direct rebound effects for energy use in Australia based on both aggregate residential energy use data and on household energy expenditure data. Our approach implements a new methodology developed by Hunt and Ryan (2014, Catching on the rebound: Why price elasticities are generally inappropriate measures of rebound effects. Surrey Energy Economics Discussion Paper Series SEEDS 148; 2015, Energy Economics 50, 273) that explicitly relates energy service use with energy source demand and directly incorporates measures of efficiency changes. The results indicate that the rebound effect is relatively high for energy use by Australian households. Due to the unique nature of our household data set, we can examine the influence of demographic and housing characteristics. We find that low‐income households and households with vulnerable members have the largest rebound effects. The relatively large rebound effects found here suggest that consumers gain from efficiency by improved energy services, and thus, policy targeting energy efficiency is not likely to be successful at reducing energy consumption.