财政补贴改革刍论

财政补贴是国家宏观调控的杠杆之一,但是,目前补贴不规范,财政补贴数额大、项目繁杂,补贴效果‘异化’,加大了社会不公。为了强化财政补贴杠杆功能,提高财政补贴效益,必须按照建立公共财政的要求,本着满足公共需要原则、弹性补贴制度原则和补贴方式间接化原则,改变“一刀切”和补贴刚性的局面,确保采暖费收支合理化,取消肉食、副食品、粮食等价格补贴,改革国有企业的亏损补贴制度。     

Indonesian Local Government Spending,Taxing and Saving: An Explanation of Pre‐ and Post‐decentralization Fiscal Outcomes*

As a result of Indonesia's decentralization program, local governments have gained significantly more responsibility for service delivery, considerably larger fiscal resources, and much greater authority over the use of those resources than before. The present paper develops a simple budget model to describe and explain the substantial differences in pre‐ and post‐decentralization local government fiscal behavior related to spending, taxing and saving. During the post‐decentralization period special attention is paid to the fiscal behavior of natural resource rich regions. Among other things, the evidence suggests that: post‐decentralization local government spending is partly responsive to increasing needs and partly the subject of elite capture; local government taxation has become more aggressive under decentralization and appears to be mostly driven by local bureaucratic expectations related to routine overhead budgets; and the increased savings of local governments during the post‐decentralization period is determined to a large degree by delayed central government transfer payments.     

THEORIES OF CHOICE UNDER IGNORANCE AND UNCERTAINTY

Abstract. In this paper, Knight's distinction between risk and uncertainty, and its significance for economic analysis are examined. The paper consists of a survey of some recent developments on the theory of choice under uncertainty and some applications of these theories to problems for which Bayesian Decision Theory has not proved entirely satisfactory. Two problems are examined in detail. The first is that of finance and insurance and the second is that of risktaking behaviour with special emphasis on lotteries.     

我国产业链存在的问题及其财政对策

我国的产业链存在链条短、个别环节缺失、环节之间衔接不紧以及各环节发展不协调等问题,而基础设施不健全、生产要素市场不发达、利益分配机制不合理及地方保护主义阻碍等则是问题的成因。要解决这些问题需采取如下财政对策:加大基础设施建设的财政投融资力度;增加用于培育生产要素市场的资金的投入;优化利益分配机制;进一步深化财政体制改革。     

创办财税咨询公司,将会计专业办得更有特色

如何将我院的会计专业办出自己的特色,使其成为重点专业、品牌专业,经过调查研究,根据社会的需要和我们的教学对象,以及自身的条件,我院财经系决定以创办财税咨询公司为突破口。因为,创办财税咨询公司有五个方面的作用:一是能加强会计专业实践基地的建设;二是能加快“双师型”教师的培养步伐;三是为会计专业实现产学研相结合提供了平台;四是能促进精品课程和重点专业的建设;五是能将会计专业推向社会,提高毕业生的就业率。     

解决“三农”问题的财政对策思考

三农问题，是关乎我国九亿农民生存状况和国民经济发展与社会安定的大事，本文从财政的角度出发，研究制约“三农”问题的财政障碍，并进一步提出加大财政支农力度、重视农村人力资源开发和完善公共财政体系三大财政对策．以期从财政的角度解决我国的“三农”问题。     

完善我国的政府转移支付制度

我国1994年分税制财政体制的改革,已初步建立了适合当时情况的转移支付制度,但由于经济体制和财政体制的约束,使其存在诸多的不完善、不规范之处。本文通过对我国目前转移支付现状的分析,为我国转移支付制度的完善和发展提出了多种思路和方法。     

中小企业财务管理创新之我见

面对经济全球化和中国加入世贸的新形势 ,中小企业财务管理创新滞后 ,已经严重影响了中小企业的快速、健康发展。本文阐述了中小企业财务管理方面存在的问题 ,剖析了这些问题产生的原因并在此基础上有针对性地提出了解决相应问题的对策。     

关于稳健货币政策的思考

后凯恩斯经济学认为，扩张的财政政策需要配之以扩张的货币政策。而我国在有效需求不足、通货紧缩的情况下，由于扩张的财政政策挤出效应不存在，连续实施五年的稳健货币政策是有效的、主动的，并有利于预防通货膨胀。     

Growth,Employment and Taxation with Distortions in the Goods and Labour Market

Abstract. This paper analyses taxation in the presence of distortions in goods and labour markets in an endogenous growth model. The government disposes of capital, labour and consumption taxes. It is shown that the market solution leads to suboptimally low levels of growth and employment. However, available tax instruments are sufficient to attain the first‐best growth path in this economy. The paper further explores the relative distortion of capital and labour taxes. For plausible parametrisations of the model, lowering capital taxes dominate reductions in labour taxes in welfare terms.