Market microstructure in a global B2B network

On‐line marketplaces raise several interesting issues, among them the relevance of location when content is digitized, and the assessment of a supplier's capabilities when buyers worldwide only have electronic contact with sellers. In global B2B on‐line marketplaces, market microstructures, i.e. which firms compete for the same customers, are thus likely to be influenced by how customers value location and firm capabilities in their decisions to do business with different suppliers on‐line. We suggest that both these sets of attributes will continue to matter on‐line—firms possessing similar capabilities, as well as firms that are similar in location by country, time zones or clusters, will compete for business from the same customers. We model the similarity in competitive positions between pairs of firms based on the overlap in their customer networks, using data on actual interactions between supplier and customer banks on an electronic trading system. Using QAP network regression techniques on the 100 largest banks in this industry, we find that similarity in capabilities influences who competes with whom, and that location still matters in a global B2B exchange. Interestingly, location influences who a firm's competitors are, but not where its customers are from. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

区域经济发展差距:新经济地理、要素流动与经济政策

改革开放后,中国区域经济发展差距主要表现为区域间差距的扩大,而非区域内部差距的扩大。这一现象的发生是多方面原因共同作用的结果:在新经济地理因素的影响下,具有区位优势的东部沿海地区吸引了中西部地区大量的生产要素进行跨区域流动,加上中央政府的政策导向作用,使得中国经济发展差距呈现出逐步扩大的趋势。因此,中央政府应该采取有力措施,以便在全国形成合理的区域分工,进而达到缩小区域经济发展差距的目标。     

Transport development and the evolution of economic geography

In this paper, based on the recent advances in the new economic geography (e.g., Fujita et al. [12]), we analyze impacts of transport costs on the spatial patterns of economic agglomeration. We first identify prototypes from the existing models, and explain the mechanism of how transport costs influence the balance between economic forces of agglomeration and dispersion. We then investigate the transformation of the agglomeration/dispersion patterns given gradually decreasing transport costs for different goods.Received: Received: July 2004 / Accepted: January 2005, Accepted: Received: July 2004 / Accepted: January 2005, JEL Classification: R12Tomoya Mori: Correspondence toThe authors are grateful to David Bernstein, Tatsuo Hatta, Komei Sasaki, Tony E. Smith, and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments. This research is partly supported by The Grant in Aid for Research 08403001 of Ministry of Education, Science and Culture in Japan, the Murata Science Foundation, and WESCO Civil Engineering Technology Foundation.     

地区专业化、产业集中与经济集聚——对我国制造业的实证分析

以新经济地理学模型为基本理论框架,对我国各省区专业化水平、制造业各行业的集中程度和整个制造业的集聚程度进行了实证分析,结果显示1993—2003年间我国各省份的专业化水平呈显著上升趋势,制造业大部分行业集中程度提高,整个制造业集聚程度上升。在制造业各行业集中程度和整个制造业集聚程度的测算中,引入SP指数,结果显示这一指标的引进是非常必要的。     

Development Dynamics: Economic Integration and the Demographic Transition

This paper examines the influence of economic integration—widening of the trading area—on economic development and the demographic transition. Economies produce with different technologies depending on their scale. Greater integration between regions (greater extensive scale) is instrumental in changing rates of return, which generates an industrial revolution and provokes changes in child bearing behavior. The demographic transition follows from the mortality response to income and birth response to greater scale. The model is calibrated and simulated using historical data from Europe. Historical evidence is cited to support the idea that integration precedes the dramatic rise in economic growth rates.     

International Trade and the Environment: Theoretical and Policy Linkages

I review and extend three approaches to trade and environmental policies: competitive general equilibrium, oligopoly and monopolistic competition. The first two have surprisingly similar implications: deviations from first-best rules are justified only by constraints on policy choice (which motivates what I call a “single dividend” approach to environmental policy), and taxes and emissions standards differ in ways which reflect the Le Chatelier principle. I also show how environmental taxes may lead to a catastrophic relocation of industry in the presence of agglomeration effects, although not necessarily if there is a continuum of industries which differ in pollution intensity. *An earlier version was presented as an invited plenary lecture to the European Association for Environmental and Resource Economics Conference, Oslo, 1999.     

赛博空间技术支撑及在城市地理研究中的应用

赛博空间是一种崭新的人类生活和交往空间，它以计算机技术、现代通讯网络技术、虚拟现实技术综合应用为基础，为人们提供了全亲的经济活动场所，本文讨论了赛博空间的概念，以及支撑赛博空间的关键技术，即信息高速公路、遥感技术、地理信息系统技术、数据库管理和虚拟现实技术等，并就其在城市规划，城市交通，商业布局及城市旅游中的若干应用进行探讨。     

旅游地理学研究现状及其研究内容刍议

旅游地理学是一门新兴、尚不成熟的学科,它应是旅游学的一个分支。它以旅游资源、旅游行为、旅游地建设、旅游环境、可持续发展等范畴为主要研究内容。     

近3年《经济地理》发表论文的评论——现任《经济地理》主编给论文作者、审稿者与读者的汇报

通过对近3年担任主编的《经济地理》杂志来稿分析,阐明了《经济地理》的办刊方向,凸现了经济地理学交叉学科的性质,表现出以经济地理学学术论文为主体、同时刊发资源环境和社会经济等多种与经济地理相关的边缘性学科论文的多样性特征,《经济地理》已成为经济地理学同以经济学为主的相关学科相互影响和交流的重要平台,也是青年经济地理学者学术成果发表的主要阵地。通过对来稿评审意见的综述,讨论了来稿命题在科学性与学术价值、更多的是研究成果本身产生过程和实现方法等方面存在的问题,明确了不区分规划政策报告同学术论文的差异、缺少长期扎实的研究工作为论文写作的基础、以及关于指标体系和学科发展综述为核心成果的论文存在的具体问题。最后,着眼办好《经济地理》刊物,提出要加强引导经济地理学科建设、重视科学研究方法的应用、增强与国外学术的交流等希冀。     

区域竞争力研究的经济地理学价值

在经济全球化趋势中,日益激烈的全球竞争更加凸现了区域竞争力的经济地理特性,成为当前区域发展研究的前沿议题和经济地理学的发展方向之一;开展区域竞争力研究有利于丰富经济地理学理论,推动区域竞争力的宏观与微观相结合的研究,丰富我国区域竞争力理论研究的区域层次,促进区域在市场经济条件下开展竞争和发展竞争优势。