The effects of transition on the distribution of income in China

Using two large samples for 1988 and 1995 we decompose the Gini coefficient of household income according to type of income with the purpose of analyzing reasons for the rapid increase of inequality. The results show that the change in relative size of money income and its changed profile are found to be the major processes behind the rapid increase of income inequality in rural China. Changes in housing allocation and an increased number of retirees in combination with higher benefits have made inequality increase in urban China and in China as a whole. JEL classification: D31, P27.     

Measuring Inequalities without Linearity in Envy: Choquet Integrals for Symmetric Capacities

The (generalized) Gini indices rely on the social welfare function of a decision maker who behaves in accordance with Yaari's model, with a function f that transforms frequencies. This SWF can also be represented as the weighted sum of the welfare of all the possible coalitions in the society, where the welfare of a coalition is defined as the income of the worst-off member of that coalition. We provide a set of axioms (Ak) and prove that the three following statements are equivalent: (i) the decision maker respects (Ak), (ii) f is a polynomial of degree k, (iii) the weight of all coalitions with more than k members is equal to zero. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: D63.     

Inequality and Income Distribution in Global Value Chains

Global value chains (GVCs), led by transnational corporations (TNCs), have reshaped the world division of labor over the past two decades. GVCs are pervasive in low technology manufacturing, such as textile and apparel, as well as in more advanced industries like automobiles, electronics, and machines. This hierarchical division of labor generates wild competition at the lower value-added stages of production, where low wages and low profit margins prevail for workers and contract manufacturers in developing countries. At the top of the hierarchy another kind of competition prevails, centered on the ability to monitor and control intellectual property rights related to innovation, finance, and marketing. We argue that GVCs have had crucial effects on income inequality and the appropriation of rents in modern capitalism.     

1989—2010年新疆经济发展差异的区域分析

以县域为基本单元,在综合考虑各县域人均GDP和GDP总量变化的基础上,运用象限图法和泰尔指数法,分析了新疆不同县域经济发展类型和县域经济差异的时空变化趋势,结果表明：新疆县域经济呈现不同的增长类型,且在东疆、南疆、北疆之间及区内各县市之间呈现分异性。区域经济滞后型的县域明显多于经济活跃型的县域,经济活跃型的县域集中分布于天山北坡、铁路、公路主干线上,经济滞后型县域集中分布于南疆以及北疆、东疆的边远地区。泰尔指数分析结果表明,在区域总体差异扩大的同时,东疆、南疆、北疆三大区域之间的差异和区内各县域之间的差异都在逐步扩大,并且区内差异是区域总体差异的主要贡献者。     

要素积累、政府政策与我国城乡收入差距

基于1987—2003年省级面板数据的估计结果显示,一方面,基础教育的普及有利于缩小城乡收入差距,而资金和高水平人力资本向城市集聚则会显著扩大城乡收入差距,这体现了城乡要素积累差异。另一方面,城市化明显地缩小了城乡收入差距,对外开放和财政支出的扩大都拉大了城乡收入差距,这体现了政府政策的影响。     

中国城乡财富分布的比较分析北大核心

利用奥尔多投资研究中心的家庭资产调查数据系统,本文计算了我国2007年城乡财富分布,分析了贫富差距的特征和家庭资产结构。研究结果表明,我国城乡出现了较严重的贫富差距,但这不在于最富有群体过于富有。提高教育水平和改善婚姻状况都有助于提高家庭财富水平。高财富家庭的资产组合呈现出多元化,而中低财富家庭则较为单一,因而规避风险的能力也就较弱。此外,城市和农村居民的融资能力取决于家庭财富,财富水平越高的家庭融资能力越强。