On Measuring the Value of a Nonmarket Good Using Market Data

We use line integral theory to lay out in a more general theoretical framework the conditions under which it is possible to measure with market data the welfare effects of a change in a nonmarket good. We present in detail a numerical method of measuring the value of nonmarket goods using market data, under either weak neutrality or weak complementarity. Our numerical method is more flexible than the existing analytical method because it can be used with any well-behaved Marshallian demand function, and can be used even when the willig condition does not hold.     

Network neutrality and the nature of competition between network operators

The neutral architecture of the Internet is being challenged by various parties, such as network operators providing the connections to end-users, who are interested in gaining control of the information exchanged over the Internet. What are the effects on competition and welfare of such practices? Currently, there exists very little economic theory on network neutrality. This paper provides a preliminary analysis of the type of economic modeling that can address network neutrality, as well as of the type of results that can be expected.     

Parallel Neutrality

This paper develops the notion of parallel-neutral technical change for inputs and outputs. It is shown that parallel-neutral technical change generalizes existing radial notions of neutral technical change. A taxonomy of the structural consequences of parallel-neutral technical change is developed.     

技术进步中生产要素产出弹性关系假说及其检验

本研究提出了一个生产要素产出弹性关系假说,即在技术中性条件下,管理要素的产出弹性与劳动要素的产出弹性成正比,与资本要素的产出弹性成反比。通过构建自变量包括资本、劳动和管理要素的简单宏观生产模型,理论上证明了上述假说,经验上利用1970-2006年美国的时间序列数据和OECD七国面板数据也较好验证了假说。这种理论假说的分析和研究结果为我国继续回到经济快速增长的轨道而进行的政策选择空间提供了一个方向性指导。     

“双碳”目标背景下全域土地综合整治减排增汇的 机理与路径研究

研究目的：剖析“双碳”目标与全域土地综合整治的互馈关系,解析全域土地综合整治减排增汇的内涵特征、机理和路径,为“双碳”目标背景下全域土地综合整治规划和实施方案的优化提供科技支撑。研究方法：文献资料法和归纳演绎法。研究结果：（1）“双碳”目标赋予了全域土地综合整治减排增汇的新时代生态要义,而全域土地综合整治可以赋能“双碳”目标的实现,二者具有相辅相成的互馈关系。（2）全域土地综合整治系统内涵体现为通过培育多元主体低碳理念,在低碳化整治工程的基础上,优化国土空间碳源/碳汇格局,推动产业活动低碳转型。（3）全域土地综合整治减排增汇过程形成了多要素综合作用的“外缘—内核式”复杂系统,“社会—经济—生态”外缘系统发挥支撑和约束作用,内核系统实现“人—地—业”的协同发展,外缘内核之间双轮耦合,系统推进。（4）最后通过强化“双碳”目标在“社会—经济—生态”外缘系统中的约束作用,构建 “人—地—业”内核系统的减排增汇实施路径。研究结论：全域土地综合整治的减排增汇路径探索是响应“双碳”目标的时代所趋,需要结合内外部环境统筹推进,破解乡村系统实现“双碳”目标的现实压力,助推美丽乡村和生态文明建设。     

智慧城市建设对绿色技术创新的影响—基于地级市面板数据的实证研究

实现高质量发展与兑现碳中和承诺,有待于绿色技术的进一步创新。针对这一目标,智慧城市建设提供了一条可行的途径。为了检验智慧城市对绿色技术创新的影响,本文基于2006-2018年287个地级市的面板数据,采用双重差分和倾向得分匹配相结合（PSM-DID）的方法进行实证研究,发现智慧城市建设能够显著促进绿色技术创新。机制检验表明,智慧城市建设主要通过财政科技支出的提高和产业结构的升级促进绿色技术创新。异质性检验发现,智慧城市建设在低金融发展水平、低外向型经济水平和高人力资本水平下,对绿色技术创新的促进作用更为显著。本文对于促进绿色技术创新、营造良好生态环境和推动智慧城市试点建设具有借鉴意义。     

Who shapes network neutrality policy debate? An examination of information subsidizers in the mainstream media and at Congressional and FCC hearings

Recognizing policy-making process as a communicative process, this study examines who has subsidized information relating to the net neutrality policy debate. Empirical data has been collected from net neutrality stories published in four national newspapers, as well as from hearings by Congress and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), during the period of February 2004 through January 2009. Study findings reveal that corporate interests have played a significant role in subsidizing information on net neutrality, both to the public through the mainstream media and to legislators through Congressional hearings. Furthermore, study results show that experts played a larger role in defining net neutrality through the mainstream media and FCC hearings than they did through Congressional hearings. Finally, the role of advocacy group representatives was more apparent at Congressional hearings than via the other two available information channels.     

Public policy targets in EU broadband markets: The role of technological neutrality

The European Commission has recently sought to substantially revise how it regulates the telecommunication industry, with a key goal being to incentivise investment in high-speed broadband networks. Ambitious goals to incentivise investment in high-speed broadband networks have been set across the European Union, initially in the ‘Digital Agenda for Europe’ and more recently in its ‘Gigabit strategy’. These goals reflect the view of many that there are widespread and significant socio-economic benefits associated with broadband. Our analysis explores the consequence of target setting at a European level, in terms of encouraging investment and picking which technology should be adopted within the context of technological neutrality. We demonstrate that while public policy targets might implicitly favour specific technologies, especially when gigabit targets are defined, the technological choices that occur within individual Member States are shaped by the complex and dynamic interaction between a series of path dependencies that may vary significantly across as well as within Member States. Adopting an ecosystem perspective, we propose a conceptual framework that identifies the key factors associated with technological neutrality and informs a rational decision-making process.     

不同类型增值税的税收中性分析

我国采用生产型增值税,增值税的税收中性特征没有充分体现出来,对于宏观经济运行和微观主体的行为都有一定的干扰。从税收中性的角度分析,消费型增值税的超额税收负担最小,最符合增值税的中性特征,是我国增值税改革的方向。