Do ongoing networks block out new friends? Reconciling the embeddedness constraint dilemma on new alliance partner addition

Research Summary: This study addresses a theoretical dilemma regarding how alliance network constraint (reflected by network cohesion) affects a firm’s alliance formation with new partners. Using a network pluralism approach, we separate a firm’s ego alliance network into two activity‐based networks—an exploratory network and an exploitative network—based on the primary value chain activity involved in each alliance. We argue that the cohesion of exploratory or exploitative networks has an inverted U‐shaped effect on the addition of new partners in the same activity‐based network, and a positive effect on the addition of new partners in the other network. Results based on data from the biotechnology industry largely support our predictions with one exception. Our study contributes to both scholarly understanding of network embeddedness and alliance practice. Managerial Summary: The structure of firms’ ongoing alliance networks may have paradoxical implications for their efforts to search for and form alliance with new partners. That is, when a firm’s alliance partners are tightly connected with each other, the cohesive network tends to both encourage and impede the focal firm to add new partners. We resolve this dilemma by showing that when a firm is deeply entrenched in a cohesive alliance network conducting a certain type of activities (e.g., R&D activities), it may not easily add new R&D alliance partners. However, it may still be able to escape from the cohesive R&D alliance network by seeking new partners conducting other activities (e.g., manufacturing activities).     

生产分割、周期协同与主要贸易伙伴的关联:1995～2008年

利用中国与17个主要贸易伙伴国1995～2008年的投入产出表和分行业双边进出口贸易数据,测算不同时期的双边生产分割程度。然后基于动态面板数据模型,综合分析了影响国际经济周期协同的决定性因素。研究发现,贸易在影响中国与主要贸易伙伴国的国际经济周期协同中存在两种不同方向的作用机制:以双边生产分割程度度量的互补品贸易对经济周期协同存在正向影响,而以双边贸易强度指标度量的替代品贸易对经济周期协同存在负向影响。同时研究还表明,双边金融整合程度对国际经济周期协同有正向影响,而产业结构相似性对国际经济周期协同的影响并不显著。     

International Linkages among Stock Markets of Malaysia and Its Major Trading Partners

This study empirically examines the short- and long-run dynamic causal linkages between Malaysia and its major trading partners (the United States, Japan, Singapore, China, and Thailand) based on a two-step estimation, Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) during the period 1992–2008. The study documents that the stronger the trade ties among the countries, the higher the degree of comovements among their stock markets. The Japanese stock market, to some extent, is found to be more important than the United States over these markets. In designing stock market policies, each country should take into consideration of any shocks in its major trading partners.     

中国商品出口贸易发展研究--基于主要贸易伙伴经济发展的视角

危机后世界经济恢复缓慢,外部需求持续低迷,中国商品出口贸易发展增速逐年放缓,为了深入探讨危机后中国商品出口贸易的发展,文章在分析主要贸易伙伴国（地区）经济发展的周期波动与中国商品出口贸易发展之间关系的基础上,建立了包含经济发展周期波动因素的面板数据模型,定量地研究了主要贸易伙伴国（地区）经济发展对中国商品出口贸易发展的影响效应。研究结果表明：主要贸易伙伴国（地区）的经济发展对中国商品出口贸易发展具有重要的影响,但在经济发展的不同周期阶段,其影响效应具有非对称性,经济发展处于繁荣阶段的拉动效应大于衰退阶段。最后分别从积极参与国际经济事务、促进产业结构转型升级等三个方面,对后危机时期中国商品出口贸易的发展提出了相应的建议。     

Joint Venture Conflict: The Case of Thai International Joint Ventures

ABSTRACT

International Joint Ventures (IJVs) have become an important means of market entry for many firms, particularly those seeking entry into Asia (Lin and Germain, 1999 Lin, X. and Germain, R. 1999. Predicting international joint venture interaction frequency in U.S.-Chinese ventures. Journal of International Marketing, 7(2): 5–23. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). As such, it is important to understand what causes some IJVs to fail and others to succeed. This study examines the relationship between partners' needs, commitment, control, and conflict between the IJV partners in a developing country of South East Asia. The findings revealed that IJV inter-party conflict was significantly influenced by all three variables, namely, partners' needs, commitment and control thereby providing support for previous research in a different national setting.     

Symbiotic Marketing and Trust-Related Issues: Empirical Evidence From an Emerging Economy

ABSTRACT

Adopting a perspective of social capital theory, we study the effect of market orientation on the stability of symbiotic alliances in an emerging economy. Focusing on a subset of the alliances, namely symbiotic marketing alliances, the results reveal that firms’ market orientation has a positive effect on social capital, which, in turn, has a positive effect of the stability of the symbiotic marketing alliances. Moreover, social capital also has a positive effect on the sharing of resources among the partners, which should also influence the stability of the alliance. This report concludes with a discussion of the implications for academic researchers and practitioners.     

论双边税收协定中合伙人来自合伙企业所得的定性与课税

在适用双边税收协定时,因各国给与合伙企业的税收待遇不同,从而导致对合伙企业及其合伙人所得定性的冲突,产生双重征税或不征税。因此,当合伙企业在坐落国被视为纳税实体,而在合伙人居住国被视为纳税虚体时,应从税收协定出发考察合伙关系,并结合缔约国有关国内规定对利润、分红及特别报酬的定性予以分析,以避免上述问题。     

Audit Partner Disciplinary Actions and Financial Restatements

This study investigates the signalling role and rectification effectiveness of an audit partner disciplinary system. The signalling role refers to whether sanctions reflect the poor audit quality of disciplined audit partners, and rectification effectiveness addresses whether disciplinary actions enhance subsequent audit quality. The sample consists of Taiwanese listed companies, in the period 2000 to 2006, where the identities of audit partners who sign audit reports and who are sanctioned are accessible. Empirical results indicate that in the pre‐sanction period, the probability of financial restatements by clients of disciplined audit partners is significantly higher than that of non‐disciplined audit partners. The more severe or frequent the sanctions, the higher the likelihood of financial restatements in the pre‐sanction period. These findings imply that audit partner disciplinary actions can serve as a signal of lower audit quality provided by those partners. The rectification effectiveness of disciplinary actions is examined from two perspectives: (1) the effects on subsequent improvements of audit quality of disciplined audit partners; and (2) audit quality enhancement of successor non‐disciplined audit partners who accept clients from disciplined audit partners. Empirical results show a lower probability of restating financial statements audited by disciplined audit partners after sanctions. We also find a lower likelihood of restating financial statements audited by successor non‐disciplined audit partners in the post‐sanction period. Both findings support our conclusion that audit partner sanctions improve audit quality. Overall, audit partner disciplinary actions can signal lower quality audit partners and are effective in enhancing audit quality.     

虚拟代建企业合作伙伴管理模型研究

文章提出把虚拟代建企业合作伙伴按照提供产品或服务的战略性程度进行细分,与不同特质的群体分别建立典型的战略伙伴关系和持久的正常交易关系模型,同时给出战略性程度评价的模糊数学分析方法.强调盟主需要把重要资源配置于战略伙伴交易关系中,促成核心竞争力的集成优化.     

初选阶段知识联盟成员评价与选择模型

根据知识联盟成员选择与形成的实际过程,将知识联盟成员的选择分为初选和谈判(精选)两个阶段。在综合国外联盟实践经验及影响联盟成败的实证性研究结论的基础上,分析了知识联盟成员初选阶段影响联盟成败的关键变量,以此构建了知识联盟成员初选模型,并依据指标间的相互关系,提出了基于二值变量的初选阶段评价方法。