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1.
Denial of Service (DoS) attacks consist of overwhelming a server, a network or a Web site in order to paralyze its normal activity. The additional parameter in Distributed Denial of Service (DdoS) attacks is the distributing strategy. It means that DDoS attacks do not come from a single computer but stem from all accessible channels and servers. Consequences are multiple, ranging from system errors, temporary inability to access the Web site for normal users to challenging the actual reliability of the Internet. Despite this, Internet users show carelessness. The explanation lies in the specificities of DDoS attacks. We explore possibilities to raise users' awareness about the actual amplitude of problems caused by DDoS attacks. We suggest a careful examination of Internet pricing mechanisms and switching from flat to usage-constraining pricing schemes. 相似文献
2.
LIU Shan-qing 《美中经济评论(英文版)》2007,6(5):48-52,38
The planter history of Gannan navel orange might trace to 1970s, up to now underwent in more than 30 years. Approximately, the development historical division on the Gannan navel orange is 4 stages. The natural environment factor, the customer factor, and the political factor have played crucial roles in the formation and development of GNOCIC. Among them, the rich natural resource and the superior geographical environment are the material base. And government's support is the main propelling force. The customers' expense is the final decision strength by chance which it develops, expands. 相似文献
3.
美国钢铁贸易保护争端及其对世界经济贸易的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
美国钢铁保障措施的出台是经济衰退期外贸政策保护主义倾向进一步加强的具体表现。作为WTO成员,美国按国内法201条款实施的钢铁保障措施必须符合WTO保障措施规则。但美国钢铁保障措施即使符合WTO规则,也是通过损害其钢铁贸易伙伴正当利益来追求本国利益最大化。因此,在全球贸易体制约束下,美国的行为必然引起各相关方与美国之间运用全球贸易规则的利益博弈,并由此对世界经济贸易产生重大影响。 相似文献
4.
公司兼并和收购市场中企业控制权机机制、控制权争夺的价值、控制权争夺的福利效应、大股东在公司控制权争夺中对公司政策产生影响。外部性排除了负有义务的股东完全取得接管收益的可能性,无论控制权争夺的结果如何,股东财富在控制权争夺其间是增加的。从股东的福利效应方面来说,控制权争夺的失败也就是股东财富的损失。大股东提高了预期利润,并且他们所占股份越多,则提高越大。董事会的失误导致了敌意接管的出现,可由公司控制的外部市场对董事会的疏忽作用进行弥补。 相似文献
5.
6.
Whistle-blowing in America business and industry has increased as interest in ethical business behavior and the cost of unethical
behavior have grown. Whistle-blowing plays the important role of helping to fill the gaps in the regulatory system that is
designed to check the abuse of organizational power. However, the practice of whistle-blowing is controversial and whistle-blowers
often pay a high price for their actions. Firms can engage in a number of actions to encourage whistle-blowing. Creating a
climate that encourages employees to report organizational wrong doing and that protects the whistle-blower is critical. To
create such a climate the organization must build trust and cooperation by educating employees in the benefits of ethical
and legal behavior. 相似文献
7.
我国建立绿色会计研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
罗熠 《生态经济(学术版)》2005,(7):65-66
实现人与自然和谐、可持续发展是人类社会发展永恒的主题,绿色会计是构成绿色国民核算体系以及绿色GDP的微观基础。我国实施绿色会计具有重要的现实意义,可以清楚明了地反映生态效益和社会效益,评估企业的环境代价和资源利用率,采取有效措施引导企业走环保之路。 相似文献
8.
Tony C. Garrett Author Vitae David H. Buisson Author Vitae Chee Meng Yap Author Vitae 《Industrial Marketing Management》2006,35(3):293-307
The integration of R&D and marketing in new product development (NPD) is an important contributor to NPD performance. Of the mechanisms developed to aid functional integration, many have been developed in western cultural environments and may not have applicability in other national cultural settings. Using a sample of NPD workgroup personnel in New Zealand (NZ), the western cultural environment, and Singapore, quantitative and qualitative data have been used to measure national culture and determine the applicability of different organization integration mechanisms. Results show key differences between the two samples, indicating a link between formalization, centralization, role flexibility and interfunctional climate mechanisms with the Hofstede dimensions of Power Distance, Masculinity and Uncertainty Avoidance of national culture. Managerial implications are that national cultural values and settings of the respondents are important when determining best integration mechanisms. 相似文献
9.
We report on an experiment comparing compulsory and voluntary voting institutions in a voting game with common preferences. Rational choice theory predicts sharp differences in voter behavior between these two institutions. If voting is compulsory, then voters may find it rational to vote insincerely, i.e., against their private information. If voting is voluntary so that abstention is allowed, then sincere voting in accordance with a voter's private information is always rational while participation may become strategic. We find strong support for these theoretical predictions in our experimental data. Moreover, voters adapt their decisions to the voting institution in place in such a way as to make the group decision accuracy differences between the two voting institutions negligible. The latter finding may serve to rationalize the co-existence of compulsory and voluntary voting institutions in nature. 相似文献
10.
Fenne M. Pinkster 《International journal of urban and regional research》2014,38(6):2042-2059
One of the key challenges in the study of neighbourhood effects on work is to understand the pathways through which disadvantaged neighbourhoods impact the employment opportunities of residents. Endogenous explanations for neighbourhood effects focus on social life in these neighbourhoods, identifying mechanisms of social isolation, deviant work ethics and neighbourhood disorder. This article studies these mechanisms in a low‐income neighbourhood in the Netherlands. The case study shows that unfavourable socioeconomic outcomes can be indirect and unintended consequences of actions and choices in everyday life that are not directly concerned with work. Nevertheless, these individual actions and choices reflect local social practices that are influenced by the marginalized context in which residents lead their lives. 相似文献