发达国家建设韧性城市的政策启示

韧性城市是指城市系统的正常运行被自然灾害、气候危害、人为破坏等打断时,其具有抗压、恢复和可持续的能力。这一概念吸引了社会学、城市规划学、灾害学、管理学等不同领域学者的研究,各国政府也逐步重视韧性城市的建设工作。从政策过程的视角对发达国家韧性城市建设进行政策总结并提出对我国的借鉴。首先分析了韧性概念的起源、韧性城市的概念以及其构成要素;其次总结发达地区地方和国家层面的韧性城市建设政策、国际合作组织的政策激励;并创新地从政策议程、制定和执行的过程模型视角对政策经验进行总结;最后提出了在我国韧性城市建设过程中可借鉴的政策启示。     

Managing supply chain resilience to pursue business and environmental strategies

Resilience has become a crucial topic in the field of strategic management as it requires companies to design resilient business models to tackle managerial and environmental disruptions of individual firms and supply chains. However, extant research still lacks deep insights into how companies design and manage supply chains according to the resilience principles. With this premise, this paper aims at conducting a state of the art review on supply chain resilience (SCR) considering 125 relevant papers collected from Scopus and Web of Science academic search engine. Starting from the results of the literature review, this study proposes a systemic framework of SCR assessment and contributes to improve the understanding of the impact of different empirically tested constructs on the development of the resilience concept. Further, the findings are summarized in several areas including barriers in developing resilience, metrics to measure the resilience performance, and effective strategies to foster the SCR. Finally, this study outlines promising future research directions for scholars and practitioners.     

Supplier evaluation in the context of circular economy: A forward step for resilient business and environment concern

Resource depletion is a concern for the global economy; many think that available resources on the planet will not be able to cater to an ever-growing population. Thus, economies are trying to become circular, leaving behind the linear tradition linear approach. In the circular economy (CE), physical resources and energy are made to loop back into the supply chain (SC) for a more extended period. Proper selection of suppliers is an essential criterion towards proper execution of the CE principle in SC. In this research, we have constructed a framework for evaluating the supplier concerning the CE implementation. Further, this research identifies the criterion and sub-criterion, which are pertinent for evaluating the supplier in CE context. Fuzzy-based ‘Criteria Importance Through Inter-Criteria Correlation (CRITIC)’ method is justifiably applied to determine the aggregated weights of the criteria. Finally, ‘Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)’ method is used to determine the suppliers' ranking in the Indian automobile industry. Six criteria and 24 sub-criteria are obtained as per recent literature and then inputs from experts. ‘Environment’ criterion came out as the most favourable criterion with a subjective weight of 0.230. The current research is one of the first such attempts to provide criteria for supplier selection in a CE environment. The developed framework would help organisations in implementing CE-based supplier selection. The identified criteria and sub-criteria would provide organisations with means to evaluate suppliers and help suppliers develop an effective and efficient CE based on the SC.     

A systematic literature review to integrate lean,agile, resilient,green and sustainable paradigms in the supply chain management

The main focus of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review to integrate lean, agile, resilient, green and sustainable (LARGS) paradigms in the supply chain (SC) domain. To achieve this aim, several research questions were designed: First, how to locate LARGS research in context of SC domain? For this, it is important to understand which types of research articles should be selected for the study? Further, where such studies were conducted (geographical location)? Second, what is the focus of research in LARGS paradigm in SCs? For this, it is important to study, which types of industries or sectors have been targeted in literature? In addition, which tools and techniques have been used mostly? Third, what are the current trends in the relationships of LARGS paradigms, among themselves, and with SC performance measures? Fourth, what are the emerging issues, unexplored areas in this field, based on these what could be future research avenues in this subject domain have been proposed? A total of 160 relevant articles published during 1999–2019 were used for analysis. Based on analysis, findings are summarised, and main research issues and possible future research directions in LARGS paradigms in SCs are highlighted.     

Global water crisis and future food security in an era of climate change

Food policy should serve humanity by advancing the humane goals of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger. However, these goals have recently been challenged by emerging forces including climate change, water scarcity, the energy crisis as well as the credit crisis. This paper analyses the overall role of these forces and population growth in redefining global food security. Specifically, global water supply and demand as well as the linkages between water supply and food security are examined. The analysis reveals that the water for food security situation is intricate and might get daunting if no action is taken. Investments are needed today for enhancing future food security; this requires action on several fronts, including tackling climate change, preserving land and conserving water, reducing the energy footprint in food systems, developing and adopting climate resilient varieties, modernising irrigation infrastructure, shoring up domestic food supplies, reforming international food trade, and responding to other global challenges.     

基于均值-风险模型的弹性供应网络集成优化

考虑决策者的风险态度,研究了需求不确定和失效风险并存情况下多周期弹性供应网络的集成优化问题。其中,通过生成随机情境模拟失效风险和需求不确定性,利用均值-风险模型度量决策者的风险态度。建立了一个综合考虑多源供应、期权契约和战略应急库存3种弹性策略的混合整数随机规划模型,针对该模型的特点设计了抽样平均近似求解算法进行模型求解。最后,通过数值算例验证了该模型的可行性和有效性。     

2018年IFLA竞赛一等奖作品：干旱与半干旱地区的瞬时集中雨洪调控策略

介绍了2018年第55届国际风景园林师联合会(IFLA)国际大学生设计竞赛一等奖作品的构思创作和主要内容。干旱与半干旱地区同样会发生洪涝灾害。山西省大同市全年大部分时间干旱缺水,在短促的夏季却极易发生瞬时集中降雨导致的洪涝灾害,给当地的社会经济和自然生态带来严重影响。为协调这样的极端气候问题,风景园林师通过径流体系的规划和弹性技术设施的加入,构建了一套弹性治水系统来调控和适应瞬时集中降雨并缓解干旱问题,以期实现当地的生产、生活、生态与自然过程的平衡交融和良性循环。     

抗密钥泄漏技术研究综述

为了清晰地认识具有自保护功能的密码系统,对现有的几种抗密钥泄漏技术进行研究。从时间和核心技术两个角度对向前安全,密钥隔离,入侵回弹和代理重加密进行系统的分析,给出其研究的发展历程、核心技术和研究现状,并指出进一步需要研究的问题。文章对迅速全面把握抗密钥技术研究动态具有重要参考意义。     

中国耕地刚性管制与弹性调控框架构建

研究目的：剖析中国最严格的耕地保护政策实施中的新问题,构建耕地刚性管制与弹性调控政策框架,为中国耕地保护提供理论依据和实践方案。研究方法：文献综述法、归纳法、演绎法。研究结果：（1）新时代背景下中国耕地保护管控面临着耕地利用与质量建设分割、耕地保护手段单一、国土空间管控对立等新问题;（2）耕地刚性管制与弹性调控的目标为提高耕地质量抵抗力、保障非粮耕地恢复力和构造国土空间缓冲力;（3）依据数量、空间、利用方式的管理特征,形成耕地“四级分区”差异化的管控体系,通过全方位提高耕地质量提升耕地粮食总生产能力,实现“藏粮于地”,通过稳定生产和弹性调控,实现应对不同外部冲击情景下的耕地流量有序释放;（4）实现路径包括实施分区的全方位全流程的监测与治理,建立基于发展权和生态价值的补偿机制、“非粮化”复垦专项储备资金,设立保护性开发储备及应急复垦制度等。研究结论：构建中国耕地刚性管制与弹性调控框架,实现对现状耕地及潜力耕地分区差异化管控,可以有效应对外部风险冲击,在保障粮食安全的基础上,实现耕地资源的高效利用和管理,提高其利用效益,契合中国“藏粮于地、藏粮于技”战略。     

中国草原管理的发展过程与趋势

[目的]在回顾中国草原管理发展历程的基础上,分析其状态及存在的问题,基于最新研究进展,探索和预测未来中国草原管理的发展趋势,为加强中国草原管理理论、方法和实践提供依据。[方法]运用文献资料分析法。[结果]中国草原管理已经历了游牧时期、粗放型管理时期、草畜平衡刚性管理时期。游牧时期,人—草—畜三者关系基本上处于一种自然动态平衡的状态之下;粗放型管理时期,人对畜的需求持续增加致使草—畜关系长期处于一种失衡状态,进而导致草原的大面积退化;草畜平衡刚性管理时期,相应的政策和管理计划方案陆续出台使得草—畜关系失衡状态得到了一定缓解,但仍然没彻底解决人—草—畜三者的矛盾关系问题。[结论]草畜平衡弹性精准管理是当前中国草原管理的主要发展方向,其能够更好地应对草地生态系统时间与空间异质性,确保草地生态系统的良性循环,兼顾市场动态以及政府和牧民需求,实现高效的草地生产力输出。草地生态系统管理以全面实现草地生态系统服务功能为目的是中国草原管理发展的最优选择。