Gentrification in Hong Kong? Epistemology vs. Ontology

This article examines the transferability of the concept of gentrification away from its Anglo‐American heartland to the cities of Asia Pacific and specifically Hong Kong. An epistemological argument challenges such theoretical licence, claiming that conceptual overreach represents another example of Anglo‐American hegemony asserting the primacy of its concepts in other societies and cultures. Past research suggests that if gentrification exists in Asia Pacific cities it bears some definite regional specificities of urban form, state direction and, most surprising from a Western perspective, a potentially progressive dimension for some impacted residents. Closer examination of urban discourse in Hong Kong is conducted through analysis of English and Chinese language newspapers. In both instances, gentrification is barely used to describe the pervasive processes of urban redevelopment, which otherwise receive abundant coverage. Interviews with local housing experts confirm the marginality of gentrification in academic and public discourse, and the power of a local ideology that sees urban (re)development unproblematically as a means of upward social mobility. However, in the decade‐long housing bust after 1997, growing inequality has encouraged a nascent class analysis of the property market, an ontological awakening that may prove more favourable to the identification of gentrification in an Asia Pacific idiom.     

Making the ‘Invisible’ Visible: Redevelopment‐induced Displacement of Migrants in Shenzhen,China

Gentrification in China is intertwined with urban redevelopment, which causes the large‐scale displacement of rural–urban migrants from ‘villages in the city’ (ViCs). Because of the informality of ViCs, migrant renters have very insecure tenancy and during redevelopment they are treated as a negligible (‘invisible’) social group. As they are very difficult to locate after displacement, they are also literally invisible to researchers. To make the invisible visible, this study traced a sample of displaced migrants from Huangbeiling village in Shenzhen. The focus was on the displacement process and on identifying the consequences for the displaced. We found various forms of displacement during the redevelopment process. Nearby ViCs were prioritized by displaced migrants to minimize as much utility loss as possible. However, they generally suffer from decreased proximity, increased living costs, and the loss of social networks and job opportunities. Remarkably, some choose to return to the gentrifying village, enduring displacement in situ caused by increasing rents, drastic physical neighbourhood changes and declining liveability, in exchange for retaining their original social and economic networks. Large‐scale urban redevelopment is causing the rapid shrinkage of informal housing. Recognizing and addressing the housing needs of this impoverished social group is a matter of urgency.     

城市滨水区更新的土地利用策略

通过分析城市滨水地区土地利用现存问题及更新改造的动力因素,结合宁波市甬江东岸旧工业区改造规划,探讨了城市滨水区更新的土地利用策略,主要包括建立完善的土地储备制度、选择合理的用地功能布局以及制定土地开发控制和引导法则等内容.     

村镇建设用地再开发后评估指标体系探讨

研究目的:构建村镇建设用地再开发后评估的指标体系,为村主体、开发企业对村镇建设用地再开发后的自测及行业部门对村镇建设用地再开发后效应的普查提供参考。研究方法:文献分析法,问卷调查法及深度访谈法。研究结果:在考虑利益相关者的诉求、评估客体的特性及再开发后评估原则的基础上,提出目标实现、执行规范、土地利用与管理、经济效益、社会效益及生态效益6大村镇建设用地再开发后评估指标体系参照层和19个分指标,并根据指标的含义确定运算公式,规范村镇建设用地再开发后评估指标体系的运算说明。研究结论:丰富现行土地评估指标体系中此类评估指标体系的空白,并能较好地反映村镇建设用地再开发后的实施状况,为村镇建设用地再开发验收、综合效应评价及相关指引性文件制定提供技术支持。     

Allocation,externalities, and building value

Externalities generally are viewed as impacting land values rather than building values. Yet when locational obsolescence is attributed to externalities, the implication is that externalities impact primarily on building values. The presence of negative externalities generally does not determine whether a building suffers from locational obsolescence; the more general cause is a misallocation of land. At the market allocation, there is no locational obsolescence even in the presence of an externality, while at the optimal allocation only an externality can produce locational obsolescence. Because locational obsolescence can exist without externalities, an externality is not a necessary condition for locational obsolescence. Because an externality can be present without accompanying locational obsolescence, an externality also is not a sufficient condition for the existence of locational obsolescence.     

基于时空维度的城市滨水区的开发导向

滨水区因其开阔的水面、开放的空间,成为当地居民和外地游客休闲游憩的首选场所;同时也因其良好的区位条件和土地资源,成为众多城市增长和城市更新的首要关注对象,由此产生不同导向的城市滨水开发方式。在回顾国内外大量相关文献的基础上,从时空维度梳理和归纳了城市滨水区开发模式的五种导向,即交通水道导向、住区品质导向、边缘新城导向、遗产飞地导向与复合开发导向,并重点分析了五种导向的功能内涵和开发空间特点。据此进一步提出城市滨水区开发星座模型,且将各个导向的开发模式空间特征、主导功能和典型形式做了比较性总结,并对城市滨水区的开发提出了具有针对性与操作性的建议。     

农村闲置宅基地盘活利用清单管理的制度逻辑

研究目的：通过考察农村闲置宅基地盘活利用和清单管理的制度文本和社会实践,揭示宅基地盘活利用清单管理的整体制度逻辑。研究方法：法律社会学和行政管理学相结合的制度分析方法。研究结果：宅基地盘活利用的政策内涵是促进乡村振兴和城乡融合,清单管理的政策内涵是实施技术治理的科学理性,转变政府职能,清晰界定市场与政府的边界。宅基地盘活利用偏重于私权保护,对管理负外部性和提供公共服务等公权问题重视不足。清单管理存在着权力清单、责任清单和负面清单之间内在逻辑不统一的问题。宅基地盘活利用清单管理需要构建一个统一协调、科学理性的内在制度逻辑。研究结论：三张清单是宅基地盘活利用中界定市场与政府边界的重要制度工具。宅基地盘活利用权力清单着眼于构建有限政府,其适合的理想构造型式为“权力追责”型;责任清单着眼于构建责任政府,其适合的理想构造型式为“职责追责”型;负面清单着眼于构建有效市场,其适合的理想构造型式为“分立耦合”型。宅基地盘活利用权力清单和责任清单要与负面清单的禁入行为和限入行为清单相衔接,权力清单的事前审批、事中事后监管和公共服务事项需要分别与责任清单进行逻辑关联。