完善公司制企业治理结构的思考

在分析公司制企业治理结构现状及存在问题的基础上,提出了国有企业通过改革,建立股东、债权人、经营者、员工等利益相关者多方合作的企业治理结构的目标模式,通过对企业经营者的激励与约束,确保国有资产保值增值。     

上海城市发展中的湿地保护与可持续利用

认为湿地对上海的土地供给、水源补充、生物多样性保护和生态服务具有的重要价值,湿地是上海城市发展的重要战略资源;分析了上海市保护和利用湿地的现状和存在的问题;从泥沙利用、保护区调整、湿地科学利用等方面就上海实现湿地保护和利用协调发展进行了思考;最后从协调机制、功能分区、协调围垦和保护、规范利用、控制污染、法律保障和信息共享等方面提出了促进上海实现湿地保护和利用协调发展的政策建议.     

国外历史街区的保护

概述了联合国教科文组织和发达国家在历史街区保护的立法、行政管理、公众参与及资金筹集等方面的做法和经验;分析了城市建设与历史遗产保护之间的关系;认为二者是互为联系,互相促进的,处理好这一关系,城市将得以协调发展.     

江苏省湿地的基本特征及保护

本文论述了江苏省湿地的基本特征,从可持续发展的角度,深入剖析目前湿地现状及存在问题,并提出了江苏省湿地生态系统保护利用的科学对策。     

滇池湿地现状及保护对策

湿地可以看作是一个内部过程长期为水控制的水—陆过渡的复合生态系统。滇池湿地具有重要而又独特的环境功能,蕴含着多样性的生物资源。近年来,滇池湿地生态严重退化,质量功能下降。本文通过分析滇池湿地退化现象和原因,提出了滇池湿地资源保护对策。     

Climate adaptation in ‘new world’ cultural landscapes: The case of Bay of Fundy agricultural dykelands (Nova Scotia,Canada)

North America has few cultural agricultural landscapes, and often commensurately poor governance arrangements for managing change in such settings. This research uses the Acadian dykelands of Nova Scotia, Canada, as an opportunity to explore the social and governance limits to coastal climate adaptation in ‘new world’ cultural agricultural landscapes, as well as inform local decision-making. Approximately half of Nova Scotia’s coastal wetlands were converted to dykeland in the 1600s, lowering local resilience to the increased frequency and storm severity anticipated with climate change. Today, dykelands protect a diversity of public and private interests, meanings and values, yet are controlled by the agricultural sector, which can no longer afford to maintain them all to 2050 climate projections. We report here on a representative online Q-methodology survey of 183 adult Nova Scotians in the spring of 2015. Respondents sorted 34 statements along a normal distribution about whether they prefer dykeland maintenance or wetland restoration, and under what governance arrangements. Four factors were derived: the dominant discourse was local, female and strongly pro-dykeland, indicating the likelihood for local resistance to dykeland removal on for cultural, recreational and farming reasons. The second factor was supportive of wetland restoration for reasons of efficiency, not wetland affinity, but characterized by those in positions of management power. The two minority viewpoints were less informed about dykelands, characteristic of outsiders, and concerned more with governance. More education is needed about the challenges facing dykelands, the benefits of coastal wetlands, and the management options, but this research shows proposals to change landscape should emphasize flood mitigation over cost-saving. Cultural values and status quo bias are clearly barriers to adaptation planning, even when discussing the removal of man-made structures. The factors were surprisingly polarized, suggesting the forced-normal distribution affects the space available to convey nuanced perspectives. Large p-set Q-method of this kind is likely most useful for characterizing the emergent discourses demographically, and understanding their prevalence; the same discourses had emerged within a much smaller pilot study.     

The State as Both Regulator and Player: The Politics of Transfer of Development Rights in China

The conventional argument that the introduction of transfer of development rights (TDR) shifts the power of land use regulation from the state to the market is increasingly under challenge. In China, the state's grip on land is reinforced through TDR, in which the state is both regulator and player. This state-dominated form of TDR affects China in three ways. First, competing aspirations of different scales of government complicate how TDR is implemented. Although the central state promotes TDR to maintain a national balance of arable land, some local states instrumentalize it to expand their landed basis of accumulation. Secondly, TDR tends to benefit the state but not its people. It may increase the fiscal income of the sending government and lessen the land shortage of the receiving government, but sometimes at the expense of the interests of land users without land ownership. Thirdly, given the state's deep involvement in TDR programs, the key for China's TDR to protect arable land lies not so much in clear property rights or a fully fledged market as in effective checks and balances regarding the state's powers over TDR. These three observations attest to the embeddedness of TDR in the local political economy.     

Measuring the effects of preservation on farm profits in a continuous treatment setting

Despite billions of dollars of public appropriations to state purchase of development rights (PDR) programmes, there has been limited evaluation of the effects of these investments on the economic performance of preserved farms. This article estimates dose-response functions to evaluate the effects of enrolment in New Jersey’s PDR programme on farm profitability. The generalized propensity score method in a continuous treatment setting is used to address selection bias arising from voluntary programme participation. Treatment effects are measured across treatment levels to determine whether farm profitability is affected differently across levels of programme participation. Our findings reveal that, relative to unpreserved farms, profit per acre tends to increase along lower treatment levels. The profit per acre of preserved farms in the 1–40% treatment range is, on average, $407 higher than that of unpreserved farms in the full sample. Positive profit differentials averaging between $317 and $472 per acre are also observed in the 1–20%, 1–40% and 1–60% treatment quintiles in the farming occupation sample. We do not observe statistically significant profitability differentials when treatment effects are averaged across all positive treatment values.     

Usage of the concept of culture and heritage in the United Arab Emirates – an analysis of Sharjah heritage area

Under the forces of an oil-based economy and the fast paced change, nationals in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and other Gulf states are becoming very keen to preserve, represent and invent a distinct ‘national’ culture and heritage. Fears of ‘loss’ of identity and concerns about ‘global’ culture are powerful social forces. Heritage revival has become a significant social, cultural and political process in the UAE, the most public sign of this being the development of ‘Heritage Villages’. This analysis explores themes of heritage revival and the preservation, representation and construction of culture in the UAE with specific analysis of the Sharjah Heritage Area (SHA). It will be shown that heritage revival in the UAE is both a symbolic and practical negation of globalization. Heritage revival is also increasingly an affirmation of the fast paced development of international business and tourism in the Emirates which is the focus of economic diversification. SHA will first be examined as a museum exhibitionary complex combining museum, festival and shopping. The representation, performance, negotiation and interplay of local/global and old/new culture at the SHA will be outlined in the context of transnationalism and the oil-propelled modernization.     

陕西黄河湿地生态问题及保护初探

陕西黄河湿地是由黄河及其支流渭河、洛河三条河流交汇而形成的,交汇处主要以河床漫滩为主,由河流水面、江心洲、滩涂、泛洪平原及部分低阶地组成,是典型的河流湿地。近年来随着周边经济的发展,人类开发利用湿地的强度越来越大,湿地生态系统及其功能退化明显。因此研究和保护这一湿地,对区域生态环境的建设有着重大意义。本文将河流湿地开发利用过程中出现的问题进行了分析,针对水资源减少、生物多样性锐减和环境污染等问题提出了一些开发与保护措施。