Women abroad: getting the best results from women managers

Abstract This study explores the work environment of expatriate women managers in American corporations and investigates the determinants of their job satisfaction. The strategic importance of global assignments has increased over the years. The real cost of unsuccessful expatriates extends beyond the monetary expenses. As the number of women managers working overseas increases, so does the importance of this topic. Additionally, because women in expatriate positions are relatively new, their needs for job satisfaction and career aspirations are not known to most organizations. This research intends to fill this gap. The study concentrates on four major areas that are considered important for obtaining job satisfaction: (1) the way in which organizations design their overseas jobs, (2) women's skills and characteristics, (3) international human resource policies of companies and (4) the cultural environment of host countries. The applied research covers two phases: a study of expatriate managers during their assignments overseas and the evaluation of overseas experience upon their return. The results indicate that women in overseas assignments are satisfied overall with their jobs. However, organizational variables are more strongly related to job satisfaction. The nature of job design in overseas postings has the greatest impact on women's job satisfaction. When the jobs are enriched, women gain intrinsic rewards and have high job satisfaction. Organizational support also contributes to the satisfaction of women expatriates. Training, mentoring and repatriation preparations have high impact on women's success and satisfaction. Women expatriates are more concerned with their repatriation and future advancement than their present assignments. The findings are important for theoretical and practical reasons. Theoretically, the achievement and satisfaction of women managers overseas cannot be simplified without taking into account organizational, personal and cultural factors. Practically, companies need to respond to the individual needs of expatriate women managers and then decide on their assignments and their repatriation accordingly.     

国外饲料安全的研究进展

通过查阅国外近20年发表的关于饲料安全方面研究的文献,调查国外饲料安全研究的进展情况。结果显示近几年国外对饲料安全越来越关注,主要包括：对欧盟饲料安全法律法规及监管体系的介绍和评价;快速识别原料来源的检测技术研究;转基因产品作为饲料的安全性研究;饲料中二英/多氯联苯的报道;饲料中微生物污染调查和控制及益生菌的研究;对饲料添加剂的研究报道;对植物毒素和真菌毒素的研究。     

当代中国的青年文化参与探析

青年文化是隶属于社会主流文化系统之下的青年亚文化,是现代工业化社会的产物,是青年人共同分享的独立文化系统。其具有代际性、创造性、独立性、叛逆性和后现代性的特点。青年受教育、留学以及快餐文化是当代我国青年文化参与的主要体现。     

国外管理理论建构研究述评:三种逻辑推理的视角

受"没有什么比好的理论更有用"理念驱动,国外组织与管理研究者愈加注重探究建构管理理论这一议题。由此形成的丰硕成果观点各异,甚至彼此矛盾,而现有按照西方哲学术语对其分类不易理解。据此,以演绎推理、归纳推理和溯因推理为主线索,将国外管理理论建构研究成果归集为3个脉络,分析其在研究逻辑、理论建构策略和理论贡献评价标准上的差异,比较各自适用条件和彼此借鉴行为,并揭示溯因推理在管理研究中的良好应用前景。     

Motivational phases associated with the foreign placement of managerial candidates: an application of the Rubicon model of action phases

This study describes an initial attempt to apply Heckhausen's Rubicon model of action phases to the decision-making process involved in a professional stay abroad. The datas stem from the longitudinal study Selection and Socialization of Managerial Candidates, which provides for the standardized questioning of examinees at the university faculties of economics, the natural sciences and engineering in Munich, Berlin and the Ruhr area. A sample of 453 managerial candidates, employed in German companies, was analysed in this study. The following conclusions for organizations can be drawn from the results of our study: the candidates' values and previous experiences abroad can furnish decisive criteria. Information offered in the job interview can further encourage already motivated persons. The lesser emphasis put on the value 'leadership' and the great importance ascribed to the value 'technological progress' could indicate training needs. Intercultural as well as special management trainings within the organization seem appropriate here.     

国际农村小额信贷典型模式及对我国的启示

上世纪70年代,国外出现了小额信贷,通过对贫困者发放贷款,不仅充分发挥了金融机构的作用,还调动起了贫困者的积极性,并将财政与金融有机结合,进而救助了贫困者。我国上世纪90年代初,农村小额信贷在诸多省份开始运作,并取得一定成绩,使部分穷人摆脱了贫困。我国由各种非政府及半政府组织发展的小额信贷项目已历经十六年的发展,并且农村小额信贷项目也是作为我国扶贫攻坚课题之一,无论是从理论基础,还是从对策研究方面都具有重要的研究意义。     

对中东部分国家进口石脑油内外检验结果分析

通过对进口石脑油国内外双方检验结果分析：有100%批次的环烷烃、88.89%批次的烷烃、77.78%批次的初馏点、88.89%批次的硫含量为负偏差,有88.89%批次的烯烃、100%批次的相对密度为正偏差;个别批次的初馏点、相对密度、硫含量内外检验结果差值及对应项目的内外检验结果平均差值相对较大;芳烃、10%馏出温度、50%馏出温度、90%馏出温度及终馏点内外测定结果各有大小;实际胶质和辛烷值内外检验结果较相近;个别批次中的饱和蒸汽压我方结果有大于外方结果的现象;铅含量检验结果我方比外方结果相对精确。     

论具有“侨务”特色的班级制度管理

班级制度管理是指全体学生在班主任的带领下制定一整套完备的规章制度,并将班级活动纳入制度轨道使班集体有序运转的一种班级管理方略。文章尝试围绕＂侨＂字特色的班级管理,系统阐述实施班级制度的必要性、可行性,并简述其局限性。     

中国教育服务贸易的现状及其国际竞争力

20世纪80年代中后期以来,教育服务贸易逐步成为服务贸易的重要组成部分,其主要形式是境外消费。近年来,我国教育服务贸易境外消费规模也出现了明显增长,但是与主要发达国家相比仍存在较大差距。本文利用贸易竞争力指数对中国及主要发达国家教育服务贸易竞争力进行测算,在此基础上利用灰色关联度的分析方法,探究影响中国教育服务贸易竞争力的主要因素,并提出提高我国教育服务贸易竞争力的相关建议。     

有色金属循环利用技术进展

随着社会的发展,资源、能源、环境问题日益突出,资源循环利用越来越受到人们的关注.分析了我国有色金属循环利用领域的现状及存在问题,对当前有色金属循环利用领域最新发展趋势进行了讨论,并提出了建议.