基于随机前沿生产函数的我国烟草企业效率分析

本文选取12家烟草企业作为研究对象,利用随机前沿生产函数考察了从2001年到2005年5年期间的烟草企业生产效率.研究结果表明:中国烟草企业之间的生产效率差异并不大;企业规模与企业的生产效率呈正比例关系.本文研究结果的重要政策含义是,如果继续提高烟草企业的生产效率,就必须打破企业间的市场分割,深化企业间的联合重组,保持企业的适度规模.     

The Advertising–price Relationship: Theory and Evidence

The relationship between advertising and price is important because the welfare effect of advertising depends upon the price effect of advertising. We attempt to provide a better understanding of the theoretical relationship between advertising and price. We establish theoretical conditions sufficient for advertising to raise prices. This will occur, for example, when firms play a supermodular game – a structure that considers the type of advertising (i.e., persuasive, image creating, or informative) and the effect that advertising has on a firm’s demand and costs. We also compare results from two simple duopoly models, one with horizontal and the other with vertical differentiation, and find that only the model with horizontal differentiation is supermodular for the forms of advertising that are thought to raise price (e.g., persuasive advertising). In consideration of these theoretical issues, we then develop an empirical model to determine whether advertising raises prices in the US brewing and cigarette industries.     

Vertical externalities in tax setting: evidence from gasoline and cigarettes

A common feature of federal systems is that tax bases are joint property. Consequently, state and federal tax setting decisions are interdependent. Our aim here is to put forward a rudimentary theoretical analysis of this phenomenon, and to use the theory as a framework for econometrically estimating the magnitude of the responses. We find that when the federal government increases taxes, there is a significant positive response of state taxes. For example, a 10-cent per gallon increase in the federal tax rate on gasoline leads to a 3.2-cent increase in the state tax rate.     

低档卷烟短缺的经济学分析

保持低档卷烟的适度供求平衡是目前烟草行业的一个重大课题.现有的分析主要把低档卷烟短缺的原因归结为消费税提高、原辅料涨价等产业外部因素.本文试图从产业内部的角度,通过厂商行为的理论和实证分析,揭示造成短缺的四种内部因素.在此基础上,对缓解短缺的方法进行评析并提出最优的解决办法.     

喜庆元素在“黄鹤楼”卷烟包装中的设计应用

通过对“黄鹤楼”品牌形象与品牌文化的研究,结合中国传统的喜庆元素的文化内涵与艺术表现形式,通过对其造型的精简与文化内涵的提炼,利用现代设计思想与手法进行表现,并分析传统中国喜庆元素在“黄鹤楼”卷烟包装中的应用价值。     

卷烟主流烟气中氨、甲胺、乙胺的离子色谱分离研究

通过对卷烟主流烟气中氨、甲胺、乙胺分离条件进行优化,建立了离子色谱测定卷烟主流烟气中氨、甲胺、乙胺含量的方法。方法考察了色谱柱、流动相浓度、柱温及流速等因素对3种离子分离度的影响,并对15种不同类型和焦油含量的卷烟进行了检测。结果表明：①甲烷基磺酸(MSA)浓度越低,分离度越高;随柱温升高分离效果显著改善;②流速对保留时间的影响较大,但对分离度无明显影响;③氨、甲胺、乙胺的回收率分别为91.5%～98.5%、88.0%～92.0%、84.0%～90.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%;④所选卷烟样品主流烟气中氨、甲胺、乙胺的含量范围分别为2.59～9.46、1.23～2.79、0.19～1.33μg/cig。     

“50S＂拉动型卷烟品牌培育模式及应用——以A市乡镇市场为例

卷烟品牌培育是提升我国烟草核心竞争力,做大做强民族品牌的一项重要任务,但是卷烟品牌传播受到相关法规限制具有特殊性.本文根据烟草行业及乡镇卷烟市场的具体特点,根据乡镇卷烟市场“五类消费群体”和“五种活动场所”的特点,构建了“5OS”拉动型卷烟品牌培育模式,将现代品牌营销理论应用于实际品牌培育工作中,提出了乡镇卷烟品牌培育的一种新型模式.     

我国现阶段调整消费税制的有关问题

由消费税特殊的征收方式可以判断其功能和作用也应该是特殊的 ,与其他商品税相比 ,消费税更注重于政府宏观调控意图的体现 ,考察我国现阶段的消费税 ,自 1994年税改后已日臻成熟 ,但还存在着误区和不足 ,适应我国加入WTO的形势以及世界经济与社会发展的趋势 ,我国的消费税还需要从多方面进行完善 ,本文选取有代表性的三个方面进行了改进消费税的探讨 :消费税征税范围、消费税的环保功能、烟酒的消费税问题。     

Addiction,social interactions and gender differences in cigarette consumption

This paper addresses the impact of addiction and social interactions on cigarette demand, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors. A Box–Cox double-hurdle model for the simultaneous decisions of how much to smoke and whether to quit smoking is estimated on individual data from the 2000 Italian “Health Status and Use of Health Services” survey. The model incorporates the fixed costs of quitting and allows for the analysis of the effects of addiction and social interactions on smoking participation and cigarette consumption. Estimation results show that the duration of the smoking habit, used as measure of addiction, significantly increases the level of cigarette consumption and lowers the probability of quitting. Social interactions significantly affect individual’s attitude toward smoking. Finally, gender differences are formally tested to verify whether male and female sub-samples can be pooled or should be separately analyzed. The hypothesis of equal consumption parameters is clearly rejected, suggesting the opportunity of distinguishing the consumption patterns of men and women.