全球价值链构建与发展中国家产业升级——基于“嵌入”与“构建”的比较

长期以来,发展中国家凭借廉价的劳动力优势,嵌入于发达国家主导的全球价值链的生产制造环节,这种低端嵌入带来的＂悲惨增长＂、＂低端锁定＂越来越成为发展中国家产业升级的桎梏。通过自主价值链的构建,由＂嵌入＂式发展的被动资源获取、企业间无序、过度竞争以及企业单一专业化或简单全能化变为＂构建＂式发展的主动资源寻求、适度垄断下的企业间有序竞合以及企业＂全能专业化＂将更有效地推动发展中国家产业升级。     

Reconnecting Australian consumers and producers: Identifying problems of distrust

A growing gap between the production and consumption of food has led to a decline in consumer trust in food, and a desire for increased regulation of food. The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of consumer trust in food production and regulation in the wake of shifts in food technology, globalisation and production. Semi-structured interviews (n = 47) were conducted in 2009 with participants living in rural and metropolitan South Australia. Rural participants were more trusting of food production because of their direct experience with producing food than their metropolitan counterparts. Consumers’ embeddedness in food production impacts their trust in food. Increasing local food production and consumption may increase consumer trust in food, and decrease consumer dependence on government regulation.