The frictions of slow tourism mobilities: Conceptualising campervan travel

This paper discusses the materialities of campervan travel as a relatively ‘slow’ form of tourism mobilities. The research is based upon qualitative research with campervan owners and users in the UK. Previous research has emphasised notions of freedom associated with campervan travel and how it has developed its own subculture. However, we seek to move beyond this to examine the frictions of socially and physically embodied practices of campervan travel in order to address the call for more multi-sensory understandings of tourism mobilities. In our discussion of campervan travel, mobility is understood as intensities of circulations, uncertainties and relational affects where different aspects of friction are central. We conclude by discussing the campervan in relation to wider aspects of slow travel.     

中美贸易摩擦应对策略

中国是世界最大的发展中国家,美国是世界最大的发达国家,中美在资源条件、经济结构、产业结构以及消费水平等要素禀赋结构方面具有很强的互补性,维持中美两国健康、和谐、稳定的经贸关系至关重要,是符合两国人民的根本利益的。然而。中美贸易摩擦一直不断。本文针对贸易摩擦的深层次根源和中美贸易摩擦的多层次原因进行阐述,从而提出我国应采取的对策。     

日本企业应对外贸摩擦的经验研究

在如何应对国际贸易摩擦方面,日本企业积累了许多成功的经验:通过对外直接投资不但有效地缓和了贸易摩擦,而且加速了日本产业结构的调整与升级、加速了日本经济的国际化,促进了以日本为核心的区域性经济合作圈的形成,增强了日本在国际贸易摩擦谈判中讨价还价的能力;通过产品开发的新战略和确保市场竞争优势战略等战略的实施进一步拓展了国际市场;通过防卫性公关与进攻性公关密切配合有效地化解了日本在贸易摩擦中的被动局面;通过引进技术与加强自主创新相结合使日本企业在日趋激烈的国际贸易摩擦中始终处于比较主动的地位;通过构建国际贸易摩擦预警机制使日本政府、企业和行业协会密切配合,进一步提高了应对国际贸易摩擦的效率。     

中外贸易摩擦形式及其应对

伴随我国经济贸易的高速发展,中外贸易摩擦频繁发生,形式多样。其原因既有国际贸易保护主义等外在因素,也有我国经济高速增长、出口结构等内在因素。企业应不断促进劳动密集型产业升级,建立与采用国际接轨的技术标准体系和财务管理制度,有效运用贸易预警机制．及时调整出口行为,并实施市场多元化战略和“走出去战略”,掌握国际竞争主动权。     

中美贸易摩擦实际关税加征的测算及其影响——基于细分产品数据的研究

基于中美贸易HS6位码细分产品贸易数据以及美国对华出口产品关税加征清单,本文测算了中美贸易摩擦对中国对美HS6位码细分出口产品实际关税加征幅度及其产业影响.文章结果显示,2018年、2019年中国输美产品承担的加税总金额为540.63亿美元,税率平均增加了5.22％,其中,计算机、电子元器件、家具、汽车零部件及配件等产...     

消费不足、投资过度与偏向性金融政策

自1996年以来,中国消费产出比与投资产出比分别经历着一降一升的过程,致使经济最终呈现了两个重要性特征：消费不足和投资过度。本文通过在动态随机一般均衡模型中,构建投资偏向性金融政策和内生化趋势性差异特征的方式,分析消费和投资经历的阶段性变化及两个特征的成因和后果。利用中国1996年1季度至2014年4季度的六组季度数据作为观测变量,采用贝叶斯方法估计模型参数,并利用脉冲响应和方差分解等方法分析议题。结果表明：（1）持续稳定有效的投资偏向性金融政策是促成消费产出比快速下降、投资产出比快速上升的主因,进而造成消费不足与投资过度;（2）生产技术进步不仅可以促使消费产出比上升,同时有效抑制了投资过度;（3）家户部门消费偏好的变化和投资的短期调整,是解释投资产出比和投资消费比波动的主因。为此,建立和完善市场化投资环境,促进创新活动,可以有效地抑制过度投资并提高消费产出比。本文研究对科学理解中国经济波动及变化趋势,实现平稳可持续发展具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。     

中国市场经济体制建构中的财政风险

中国市场经济体制的建构,一方面是政府对企业"放权让利",以利于形成市场机制;另一方面是政府重塑调控经济的手段,以适应市场机制的要求,本文称之为"双向改革"。本文试图说明,"双向改革"的制度摩擦是导致财政风险的重要原因。通过使用1997—2007年省级面板数据实证检验,结果表明:在市场经济体制构建过程中,确实存在体制改革摩擦即制度性摩擦,这种制度性摩擦不仅一定程度上弱化了"双向改革"的风险化解效果,而且自身也导致了新的风险产生。因此,探索和建构符合中国国情的市场经济体制是化解我国财政风险的根本出路。     

贸易摩擦、宏观经济波动与经济开放程度的选择

本文构建一个包含关税冲击以及外汇风险溢价的两国开放经济DSGE模型,创新地揭示了关税冲击造成实际汇率波动的“直接效应”与“间接效应”,刻画了关税变动、贸易条件与实际汇率之间的动态关系与作用机制。我们深入分析了不同经济开放程度下贸易摩擦造成的宏观经济波动以及经济福利损失。模拟结果表明,在一定贸易开放程度下,外国加收关税一方面会导致本国贸易条件恶化,引发出口及产出下降;另一方面会导致本国汇率贬值,引发出口及产出增长。关税冲击发生后短期中汇率贬值效应占优,本国产出会出现小幅上升,随后贸易条件恶化效应逐步显现,产出持续下降。福利分析结果表明,本国适度提升贸易开放度,虽然经济福利损失会小幅上升,但福利损失增加幅度小于外国,会在贸易摩擦竞争中形成相对优势;如果本国过度提高贸易开放度,则会导致本国福利损失大幅增加,并且大于外国福利损失增幅,会在贸易摩擦竞争中形成相对劣势。因此,应适度逐步有序地提升贸易开放度。此外,本国适度推进资本账户开放的政策能够改善贸易条件,促进本国经济增长。     

Alternative event study methodology for detecting dividend signals in the context of joint dividend and earnings announcements

Friction models are used to examine the market reaction to the simultaneous disclosure of earnings and dividends in a thin‐trading environment. Friction modelling, a procedure using maximum likelihood estimation, can be used to replace both the market model and restricted least‐squares regression in event studies where there are two quantifiable variables and a number of possible interaction effects associated with the news that constitutes the study's event. The results indicate that the dividend signal can be separated from the earnings signal.     

Inflation tax in the lab: a theoretical and experimental study of competitive search equilibrium with inflation

In this paper we measure the effect of the inflation tax on economic activity and welfare within a controlled setting. To do so, we develop a model of price posting and monetary exchange with inflation and finite populations. The model, which provides a game–theoretic foundation to Rocheteau and Wright (2005)׳s competitive search monetary equilibrium, is used to derive theoretical propositions regarding the effects of inflation in this environment, which we test with a laboratory experiment that closely implements the theoretical framework. We find that the inflation tax is harmful – with cash holdings, production and welfare all falling as inflation rises – and that its effect is relatively larger at low inflation rates than at higher rates. For instance, for inflation rates between 0% and 5%, welfare in the two markets we consider (2[seller]×2[buyer] and 3×2) falls by roughly 1 percent for each percentage–point rise in inflation, compared with 0.4 percent over the range from 5% to 30%. Our findings lead us to conclude that the impact of the inflation tax should not be underestimated, even under low inflation.