气候变化背景下哈萨克斯坦气候生产潜力时空特征分析

[目的]研究全球气候变化背景下气候生产潜力的时空分布特征,对于合理利用农业气候资源,促进农业生产力的提高具有重要意义。[方法]选择1901—2000年哈萨克斯坦24个代表气象站点的月平均气温和降水资料,采用Thortwaite Memorial、Miami模型估算气候生产潜力,并运用气候倾向率、M-K检验以及ArcGIS空间插值等方法对气候生产潜力时空分布特征进行分析。[结果](1)1901—2000年哈萨克斯坦气候生产潜力总体表现为增长趋势,不同时段气候生产潜力差异明显,相对于其他研究时段(T1,T3),T2(1936—1970年)时段气候生产潜力及增长速率最大,并且水热匹配状况最好;(2)哈萨克斯坦气候生产潜力空间分布地域性明显。YP(降水生产潜力)和Y E(蒸散生产潜力)总体表现为自东南向西北递减的趋势,YT(气温生产潜力)表现为自西南向东北递减的趋势,气候生产潜力高值区主要位于天山北麓及东部山区的河谷地带,低值区位于西部和南部荒漠区;(3)气候生产潜力对降水更为敏感,当气温保持不变,降水量增加(减少)10%、20%,YE将增加(减少)9.6%、19.94%。[结论]哈萨克斯坦东部气候生产潜力大于西部,天山北麓及河谷地区气候生产潜力大于平原地区,哈萨克斯坦气候生产潜力主要受降水量的制约,未来“暖干型”变化将会使研究区气候生产潜力下降。为提高农业生产潜力,必须加强对农业基础设施的建设和提高水资源的调配能力。     

公益化背景下纪念馆游客的旅游动机及其行为研究——以南昌八一起义纪念馆为例

纪念馆公益化在国外已开展了较长时间,在我国则刚刚开始。长期以来我国纪念馆作为红色旅游的重要景区点．实行有偿参观,并形成了市场机制下的发展模式。然而当它免费向社会公众开放后,市场发生了变化,纪念馆的旅游转型问题凸显。从市场需求入手,以南昌八一起义纪念馆为例,重点探讨了转型中游客的旅游动机及其行为,结果显示：了解历史文化是纪念馆公益化后的基本需求市场、陪孩子游览增强爱国教育是散客的主要市场、作为地标景点游览是潜力需求市场、修学旅游是专项需求市场。根据游览组织形式不同讨论了团体游客和散客的时间行为和空间行为特点。     

Comparison of codes of conduct for multinational corporations

The conflict between increasing technical and economic integration and a resistance to political integration has led to tension between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and nation states. One result has been a growth in pressures to regulate MNEs, often through codes of conduct. This article compares five codes of conduct prepared by groups ranging from the OECD to the non-aligned countries.While substantial areas of agreement are found, important disagreements over the objectives and provisions of a code of conduct do emerge on a North-South or rich-poor axis. The most important disagreements involve resolution of investor-host government disutes and questions of national treatment of investors.Although the major disagreements between rich and poor countries will be difficult to resolve, the article posits that the process of code development per se is valuable as a means of facilitating the transmutation of symbolic into concrete differences. The development of a reasonably explicit code for regulation of MNEs requires that the parties concentrate on relatively narrow issues areas and permissible behavior rather than symbolism and ideology. While important, and perhaps even interactable problems remain, it is suggested that the process of code development is important, as the relatively concrete differences that result are at least potentially subject to resolution through rational negotiation. Symbolic differences obviously are not.The article also suggests a minimal scope of issue areas to be covered if a code is to be an effective instrument.     

浅论南北书风的相互影响——从《张玄墓志》谈起

文章就南北书风存在的地域性群体差异，通过对《张玄墓志》与北碑、南帖的比较，论述了南北书风间相互影响、相互融合的现象，并分析了相互影响的主要因素。     

In the footsteps of Anne Frank,The Beatles and Vincent Van Gogh: a review and discussion of personal legacy trails

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on a review and discussion of personal legacy trails. A detailed analysis and reconstruction of tourism in the footsteps of Anne Frank and the management of the involved sites form the main case study here. The short life of Anne Frank in perilous times has attracted the attention of millions of readers as well as visitors to the places closely associated with her life path: Frankfurt, her birth place in 1929, Aachen, Amsterdam (including her place in hiding 1942–1944), Transit Camp Westerbork, Concentration Camp Auschwitz and at last Concentration Camp Bergen-Belsen, where she and her sister Margot died in March 1945. A general discussion of the importance of personal legacy trails follows in the last third of the paper. This section examines cases of the popularized legacy of well-known artists and musicians in local/regional settings, such as The Beatles in Liverpool, and tourism in the search of Van Gogh’s Provence. Finally, the commonalities in the personal legacy trails of ordinary US citizens is discussed and shown for the visitation of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial on the Washington Mall and for the Wall of Honor on Ellis Island.     

美国巴特尔纪念研究所的管理模式和运行机制及启示

美国巴特尔纪念研究所是全球著名的非营利独立研究机构,它的发展历程为研究现代科研院所改革和新型研发机构发展提供了参考。本文分析了巴特尔纪念研究所的成长历程和营运模式,在总结其企业化管理方式、运营方式、市场定位与政府合作关系4方面关键成功要素的基础上,提出促进我国新型研发机构发展和改革、积极培育一批面向战略科技力量组织的第三方专业化科研服务集成商等方面的政策建议。     

从MTP透视日本政府培养中小学生的战略

日本政府在第三次教育改革步入新世纪的关键时期,明确了中小学生培养战略.这个时期创立的富布赖特纪念基金杰出教师交流项目包蕴了日本政府对中小学生的培养战略,是日本政府人才培养计划的具体反映,对我国中小学教育改革有一定启发性.     

徽州牌坊研究

素有徽州“三绝”之称之徽州牌坊，历史悠久，其起源流变，学界有汉阙、坊门、衡门、华表等说。徽州牌坊涵盖国内牌坊的所有类别，如：标志坊、墓祠坊、功德坊、忠孝节烈坊等。徽州牌坊作为古老的文化遗存，具有丰富的历史文化价值和艺术价值。     

论湖南辛亥人物纪念馆的筹建与营销

孙中山领导的辛亥革命影响深远,湘籍辛亥志士功勋卓著,筹建湖南辛亥人物纪念馆是弘扬先烈精神,推进文化产业的重要举措。但纪念馆的建筑、展品和陈列需要精心策划,并不断完善展馆功能,进行创新营销。