全文获取类型
收费全文 | 48982篇 |
免费 | 1277篇 |
国内免费 | 677篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 3603篇 |
工业经济 | 2296篇 |
计划管理 | 12076篇 |
经济学 | 7836篇 |
综合类 | 7736篇 |
运输经济 | 440篇 |
旅游经济 | 792篇 |
贸易经济 | 6061篇 |
农业经济 | 3615篇 |
经济概况 | 6481篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 154篇 |
2023年 | 573篇 |
2022年 | 835篇 |
2021年 | 1432篇 |
2020年 | 1654篇 |
2019年 | 936篇 |
2018年 | 812篇 |
2017年 | 900篇 |
2016年 | 1091篇 |
2015年 | 1318篇 |
2014年 | 3571篇 |
2013年 | 3932篇 |
2012年 | 4236篇 |
2011年 | 5237篇 |
2010年 | 3903篇 |
2009年 | 3255篇 |
2008年 | 3350篇 |
2007年 | 2757篇 |
2006年 | 2658篇 |
2005年 | 2005篇 |
2004年 | 1449篇 |
2003年 | 1196篇 |
2002年 | 869篇 |
2001年 | 853篇 |
2000年 | 579篇 |
1999年 | 340篇 |
1998年 | 160篇 |
1997年 | 136篇 |
1996年 | 123篇 |
1995年 | 87篇 |
1994年 | 66篇 |
1993年 | 61篇 |
1992年 | 53篇 |
1991年 | 46篇 |
1990年 | 28篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 23篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 41篇 |
1984年 | 63篇 |
1983年 | 45篇 |
1982年 | 35篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
《Food Policy》2020
Upgrading in global value chains (GVCs) is an important path for developing countries to move along to capture higher benefits. Several qualitative studies of GVCs have identified two main upgrading types: economic (product, process, functional, and inter-sectoral) and social upgrading. The upgrading concept is widespread in productive sectors such as processed food, which has become a key export for developing countries. However, they have confronted multiple product standards required by global buyers. This study uses a case study of Thailand’s processed food exports (TPFEs). Although Thailand is a leading exporter of processed food, the country needs to upgrade in many areas related to production to meet global product standards and requirements. If Thailand fails to comply with global product standards, it will lose its export competitiveness. This study uses a gravity model to evaluate the impact of economic and social upgrading (EUP and SUP) on TPFEs. Our results show that upgrading types are significant in TPFEs, particularly for exports to developed countries. Process upgrading has a negative impact on TPFEs because of increased production costs to comply with product standards. However, process upgrading can lead to increased producers’ and exporters’ knowledge about how to comply with international standards. Consequently, process upgrading exhibits a lagged positive effect on TPFEs. 相似文献
2.
Nicoleta Iliescu 《Applied economics letters》2019,26(5):387-395
In this article, we investigate the existence of long-run common trends between imports and remittances in 11 Central and Eastern European countries which are part of the European Union. Using the Engle–Granger two-step procedure, we determine that for all countries in our sample there are no long-run common trends (no cointegration) between imports and remittances. However, the results are mixed when running a Granger causality test. For nine countries, we can establish either a bidirectional or unidirectional Granger causality, indicating that past values of one variable have predictive content on the other variable. In two countries, there is no Granger causality between imports and remittances. 相似文献
3.
Are poor macroeconomic outcomes primarily the result of economic policies, or of deeper underlying state fragility problems in sub‐Saharan Africa? We attempt to answer this question by using carefully specified dynamic panel regression techniques to show how state fragility conditions help to explain the differences in the macroeconomic performance of sub‐Saharan African economies, and to identify the most plausible mechanisms of transmission. We find that countries with greater fragility suffer higher macroeconomic volatility and crisis; they also experience weaker growth. When we disaggregate state fragility into its various components, we find that it is the security and social components that have the strongest causal impact on macroeconomic outcomes, while the political component is, at best, weak. Therefore, we conclude that it is state fragility conditions, and not necessarily macroeconomic policies, that are of first‐order importance in explaining the differences in macroeconomic performance for African countries. The knock‐on effects are mostly mediated through the fiscal channel, the aid channel, and the finance channel. Accordingly, we recommend that interventions in fragile states should best focus on exploiting the potential for using fiscal policy, aid, and finance as instruments to improve macroeconomic outcomes in sub‐Saharan Africa. 相似文献
4.
In this paper we combine household surveys, national accounts, income tax data and wealth data in order to estimate income concentration in the Middle East for the period 1990–2016. According to our benchmark series, the Middle East appears to be the most unequal region in the world, with a top decile income share as large as 64 percent, compared to 37 percent in Western Europe, 47 percent in the US and 55 percent in Brazil (see Alvaredo et al. 2018). This is due both to enormous inequality between countries (particularly between oil‐rich and population‐rich countries) and to large inequality within countries (which we probably under‐estimate, given the limited access to proper fiscal data). We stress the importance of increasing transparency on income and wealth in the Middle East, as well as the need to develop mechanisms of regional redistribution and investment. 相似文献
5.
We model market integration in the Middle East and Africa by analyzing price dispersion and testing the law of one price (LOP) on highly-comparable actual local retail prices of 135 goods and services across 23 countries in the region over the period of 1990–2016. Second-generation panel estimators are applied to four price benchmarks: Regional average, South Africa, China, and US prices. Cross-regional price dispersion diminishes considerably over time up to 2008, particularly for non-tradeables around China price. The test of LOP indicates the percentage of convergent prices is highest in China price benchmark, followed by US, South Africa, and regional average benchmarks. Direct estimation of the convergence speed confirms this order. Overall, the results show evidence of increasing market integration in Middle East and Africa but it appears to be driven by global forces and, especially, the rise of China as a new economic power. The results show that some emerging market economies, such as China, can step up and promote integration while traditional economic powerhouses, such as the USA and UK, disengage from international economic relations. 相似文献
6.
张燕 《内蒙古财经学院学报(综合版)》2006,4(1)
面对浩如烟海的网络信息资源丰富又无序、新颖又形象、急需开发利用。本文探讨了开发利用网上信息资源的必要性,介绍了如何开发利用网上信息资源,为用户充当网络信息导航员,发掘网上信息,丰富现有信息源等几种方法。 相似文献
7.
8.
以信用担保为中介的中小企业信用担保机构主要发展和成熟于欧美、日本等国家。20世纪90年代以来,我国各地迅速涌现各有特色的中小企业信用担保机构,创造了一定效益,但由于多种原因,也制约着其本身的进一步发展。究其原因,主要是我国信用担保体系建设尚不完善,还存在着这样那样的问题。本文从我国中小企业信用担保体系发展的现状入手,全面分析在建设信用担保体系中出现的各种问题,具体地指出完善我国中小企业信用担保体系建设措施,以此促进我国中小企业信用担保体系的不断完善与健康发展。 相似文献
9.
跨国公司技术联盟:动因、效应及启示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
樊增强 《中央财经大学学报》2003,(10):65-68
跨国公司技术联盟是在经济全球化与一体化的国际背景下发展起来的,它被愈来愈多的人认为是一种知识联盟,是一种独立的组织形式。跨国公司进行技术联盟的动因在于:获取与企业核心技术相关的上下游技术、适应网络竞争的需要及促进研究与开发等。跨国公司技术联盟既给合作方带来一定的积极效应,同时也产生相当的负面影响。在当前,跨国公司技术联盟对我国企业进行技术联盟与合作有积极的借鉴意义。 相似文献
10.
民营企业集群已成为浙江省区域经济快速发展的主流模式之一。与大型企业、跨国公司一起,已成为参与市场竞争的主角。因此,市场营销理论应用领域已从单个企业营销逐步延伸到民营企业集群式营销。民营企业集群式营销是民营企业集群成长的关键,浙江省民营企业集群的快速发展与其营销管理创新是分不开的。为了提高浙江省民营企业集群营销管理水平,本文着重探讨了浙江省民营企业集群营销战略、策略制定及组织实施问题。 相似文献