The Oilseed Market in Turkey

Abstract

Owing to the suitable natural resource endowments, twelve different oilrelated plants are grown in Turkey making it the largest producer in cottonseed, sunflower seed, cottonseed oil, and margarine in the Mediterranean Basin. However, Turkey has also been a net importer in both oilseeds and crude oils. It is the second largest importer in sunflower seed, sunflower oil, palm oil, corn oil, and third in soybean oil in the region. Using multicommodity partial equilibrium simulation model, this paper analyzes the future consumption and trade patterns in the Turkish oilseed market. The model suggests that the deficiencies in major meals and oils will likely to persist if the present policies are sustained. If the tariff rates are lowered to 0% for sunflower seed and to 12% for sunflower oil, the total vegetable oil disappearance as well as the imports of sunflower oil, sunflower meal, and palm oil will continue to grow.     

日本油料发展政策及其对我国的启示

日本农业资源匮乏,农产品大量依靠进口。但近年来日本大豆生产发展迅速,总产量从1994年的9.9万吨上升到2004年的28万吨,增长了1.8倍,日本油料生产的快速增长与国内油料发展与保护政策是息息相关的。日本以国内支持方式鼓励本国农民种植大豆等油料作物,利用边境措施来保护国内油脂加工业的发展。这些政策大大减少了植物油的进口量,保护了本国农民利益和促进了油脂加工业的发展。目前我国也是植物油的进口大国,进口量占到总需求量的一半左右。因而,学习借鉴日本油料发展政策,对于稳定我国国内植物油市场,发展油料产业,保证食用油脂安全有着重要的现实意义。     

Implications of mandatory labeling of GM food in India: Evidence from the supply side

We assess the supply-side economic implications of introducing a strict mandatory labeling policy for genetically modified (GM) food in India as proposed in 2006. We apply our analysis to the case of cottonseed oil and soybean oil, two products that would be the first affected by such regulation. We find that GM food labeling would generate adjustment and implementation costs and consumer benefits would not always be visible and would highly depend on the degree of enforcement.     

日本油料发展政策及其对我国的启示

日本农业资源匮乏。农产品大量依靠进口。但近年来日本大豆生产发展迅速,总产量从1994年的9．9万吨上升到2004年的28万吨,增长了1.8倍,日本油料生产的快速增长与国内油料发展与保护政策是息息相关的。日本以国内支持方式鼓励本国农民种植大豆等油料作物,利用边境措施来保护国内油脂加工业的发展。这些政策大大减少了植物油的进口量,保护了本国农民利益和促进了油脂加工业的发展．目前我国也是植物油的进口大国,进口量占到总需求量的一半左右。因而,学习借鉴日本油料发展政策,对于稳定我国国内植物油市场,发展油料产业,保证食用油脂安全有着重要的现实意义。     

Measuring regional competitiveness in oilseeds production and processing in Nigeria: a spatial equilibrium modelling approach

The four main resource regions of Nigeria, namely, the East, Middle‐belt, West and North, differ in their endowments in the production and processing of oilseeds. The Federal Government has allocated resources to the oilseeds sub‐sector across the regions without apparent rational basis. Consequently, huge imports of oilseed products, high and unaffordable oilseed product prices, and the establishment of new oil mills in the face of frequent shutdowns and chronic under‐utilisation of existing mills, still characterise the sector. In this paper, a spatial equilibrium model of the Nigerian oilseeds economy is used to determine the optimal location and number of mills across the regions, and to establish regional competitiveness in aid of the planning and development of the oilseeds sub‐sector. In the model, production (farming and milling) activities are tied to arable land and milling capacity constraints. The shadow prices of the arable land and milling capacities are used as a measure of competitiveness. Results indicate that, because of its central location, the Middle‐belt is the most competitive in oilseeds production at a shadow value of N 18,400 per hectare of cultivated land, followed by the North, West and East regions. However, the East is the most competitive in oilseeds milling, followed by the West, due to their close proximity to ports of export. These results suggest that transport cost is the main determinant of the viability of oilseeds production and milling in Nigeria.     

我国油料和植物油的产业安全:基于进口视角的分析

本文从进口的角度,以大豆、油菜籽、棕榈油、豆油和菜籽油为例,通过计算进口依赖性和农业产业安全评价指标,分析了我国油料和植物油进口来源地的可靠性和产业安全状况。得到结论:大豆和豆油的进口可靠性较高,菜籽油和油菜籽的进口可靠性较低,棕榈油居中;棕榈油的产业安全度最低,其次是大豆和豆油,它们都处于危机状态,油菜籽处于不安全状态,菜籽油基本安全。总之,我国油料和植物油的进口供给基本是有保障的,但进口较多使该产业总体处于危机状态。