Progressive stress accelerated life tests under finite mixture models

In this paper, progressive stress accelerated life tests are considered when the lifetime of a product under use condition follows a finite mixture of distributions. The experiment is performed when each of the components in the mixture follows a general class of distributions which includes, among others, the Weibull, compound Weibull, power function, Gompertz and compound Gompertz distributions. It is assumed that the scale parameter of each component satisfies the inverse power low, the progressive stress is directly proportional to time and the cumulative exposure model for the effect of changing stress holds. Based on type-I censoring, the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of the parameters under consideration are obtained. A special attention is paid to a mixture of two Rayleigh components. Simulation results are carried out to study the precision of the MLEs and to obtain confidence intervals for the parameters involved.     

累进式房产税可有效调控房价——兼评重庆、上海房产税试点方案

对于房价异常上涨,地方政府高价卖地、房地产开发商提价、金融机构放贷都不是最重要的原因。最重要的原因是那些难以预测的投机性、投资性需求。并不是只要开征财产税就可以抑制房地产投机,要使财产税能起到抑制房地产投机的作用,关键是要增加多房屋所有者的持有成本,主要有两种方式:一是采用较高的财产税税率,如美国的方法;二是采用累进式财产税,如韩国和中国台北地区的方法。重庆、上海推出的房产税试点暂行办法,涉及面不够广,且没有采用累进式,因此对抑制房地产投机的效果有限。但这两个方案是全国改革房产税的破冰之旅,其意义非凡。累进式房产税可有效的抑制房地产投机性需求,避免房价大起大落,对房地产市场起着稳定器的作用。     

Progressive taxation and human capital as determinants of inflation persistence

In this study, we introduce progressive taxation and human capital differences across productive sectors into a typical monetary policy game. The objective of this work is to reveal the potential short-run effects of these two typical features of economic growth on inflation dynamics. In our framework, such features act as frictions of labor mobility across sectors. We show that an increased progressivity of taxation lowers the diffusion of shocks, and in turn increases inflation persistence. Moreover, the dispersion of human capital across sectors acts as a barrier to labor mobility and thereby increasing inflation inertia through the same channel. We also empirically verify these findings by employing panel data analysis in a sample of 28 OECD countries.     

Income inequality and economic growth

Despite the extensive existing literature on income inequality and economic growth, there remains considerable disagreement on the effect of inequality on economic growth. Existing literatures find either a positive or a negative relationship. In this paper, we attempt to theoretically examine that relationship with a stochastic optimal growth model. We make the disagreement clear within a single model. We conclude (i) that both are possible – that is, higher inequality can retard growth in the early stage of economic development, and can encourage growth in a near steady state, (ii) that income redistribution by high income tax does not always reduce income inequality. Income inequality can be reduced by higher income tax in a near steady state, but it cannot be reduced in the early stage of economic development, and (iii) that two government polices – rapid economic growth and low income inequality – can be achieved by low income tax in the early stage of economic development, but both cannot be achieved simultaneously in a near steady state.     

开征累进物业税的战略构想

地价过快上涨和投机需求旺盛是造成房价不合理上涨的两个重要原因。在城乡同时开征累进物业税可以解决上述问题。累进物业税的开征对象包括城市住宅、城市已出让土地及农村住宅。在城乡共同开征物业税的基础上,将物业税归为地方税种,在中央和地方之间重新分配土地出让金,弱化地方抬高地价的内在冲动。     

土地一级开发中储备土地出让价格影响研究——以武汉市后湖地区为例

研究目的为了解武汉市后湖地区土地一级开发中基础设施投入对土地产出效益的影响,为政府的投资决策提供参考。研究方法为层次分析法和经济学研究方法。研究结果为（1）土地储备中道路设施投入对土地价格的影响最显著,权重系数为0．211;（2）随着道路设施投入的增加,土地产出效益呈先递增后递减的趋势,其影响路径符合边际报酬递减规律。研究结论为在土地一级开发中应注重道路等基础设施的投入,同时要遵循边际报酬递减规律,减少投入的盲目性,避免粗放的经营发展方式,进而控制土地储备成本,提高土地的投入产出效率。     

On local indeterminacy and endogenous cycles in Ramsey models with heterogeneous households

It is well-known that endogenous cycles can occur in Ramsey models with heterogeneous households and borrowing constraints. In this note, we address the issue of robustness in the more general case of endogenous labor supply and we explain the occurrence of local indeterminacy under progressive taxation.

Progressive Tax and Inequality in a Unionized Economy*

In this paper, we develop a heterogeneous-agent, endogenous growth model of a unionized economy with distinct progressive tax schedules on labor and capital income. With time preference heterogeneity, the effective labor force, balanced growth, and income inequality are endogenously determined, and these interact with each other. A reduction in the degree of progressive labor tax yields a “double-dividend” in terms of reducing income inequality and boosting economic growth, while capital income progressivity displays the usual growth–inequality trade-off. Particularly, the double-dividend effect becomes more pronounced when unionization is declined or trade unions become more wage-oriented, leading to the so-called “Cheshire cat” phenomenon.     

垄断行业高管薪酬的个税调控探讨

合理的收入分配制度是社会公平正义的最重要体现。针对收益不合理收入的垄断行业高管加强个税调控,是促进形成合理的收入分配制度的当务之需。而具体可通过选定合适的税基模式,针对垄断行业高管的薪酬加成征收个人所得税,以实现收入分配结果相对公平,同时彰显个人所得税法的实质正义,促进社会的和谐发展。