青藏铁路施工与环境保护

文章详细介绍了青藏铁路施工对环境保护的影响,指出了强化青藏铁路环境保护工作的意义,提出了青藏铁路环境保护工作的主要内容和应当采取的措施,阐述了将青藏铁路真正建成21世纪的世界屋脊的环保型铁路的实施要点。     

Market-based grazing land transfers and customary institutions in the management of rangelands: Two case studies on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Beginning in the early 1990’s, grazing lands once held in common were contracted to individual households in the rangeland regions of China. The resulting fragmentation of rangelands has led to ecological and social problems. As China seeks to address intractable poverty and rangeland degradation, attention has turned to rental, or transfer, of contracted grazing land as a market-based approach to re-aggregating grazing land into larger units that support economies of scale. However, given that many pastoral regions still maintain community customary institutions, what the relationship between market mechanisms and local customary institutions should be in rangeland management needs further analysis. This paper applies comparative case studies of two types of relationships between market mechanisms and customary institutions: (1) market mechanisms that replace customary institutions in the case of Axi village, and (2) market mechanisms that are embedded within customary institutions in Xiareer village. This allows contrast of the impacts of differing approaches on livelihoods, livestock production, and wealth differentiation among pastoral households. We found that there is a higher level of livestock mortality, lower livestock productivity, and higher livestock production cost in Axi Village compared to Xiareer Village. In addition, household asset levels are higher and there is less income differentiation in Xiareer Village. It is concluded that embedding market mechanisms within customary institutions has had notable benefits for the herders of Xiareer Village, because it is a better fit to the coupled pastoral social-ecological system. Based on these findings, we argue that in pastoral communities where the rangeland transfer system for contracted grazing land has not yet been implemented, it is critical to reconsider China’s current policy approach to pay greater attention to the innovative management systems being developed in local regions. Instead of considering market-based approaches as oppositional to traditional institutions, options that derive from the interaction of market-based and customary institutions should be considered.     

关于高原水电站更新改造的投资体系思考

高原水电站不同于其他的水电站,由于其地理位置特殊,水电站的重要性毋庸置疑,所以,对于高原水电站的更新改造工程至关重要。本文对高原水电站更新改造投资体系进行了思考。     

黄土高原开发生态旅游前景看好

现代旅游业被视为促进经济发展的推动力，应成为黄土高原地区的先导产业，生态旅游应成为优先发展的旅游项目，本文概述了生态旅游的原则，特性和实质及在黄土高原地区开发生态旅游的必要性前提下，将黄土高原分为12个旅游区，指出黄土高原地区发展生态旅游的不足之处并提出应对策略。     

黄土高原生态环境建设与土壤质量演变

土壤质量高低对植被恢复具有重要作用，它不仅影响植物群落的发生、发育和演替的速度，而且也对生态系统过程、生产力和结构等具有重要影响。植物演替过程．也是物种对土壤肥力逐渐适应、改造及不同物种在不同肥力梯度下相互竞争和代替的过程。因此，植被恢复过程也从多个方面影响着土壤质量，植被是土壤质量改善的重要驱动力之一。黄土高原地区实施退耕还林还草后土壤质量将在某种程度上得以恢复．不同类型植被土壤质量恢复还具有明显差异，并且在一定时间范围内，随恢复时间延长，土壤质量不断改善。     

青藏高原及其周边地区的雪崩灾害及应对策略研究

雪崩灾害严重制约着青藏高原及其周边地区的社会及经济发展,并对这些地区的人民生命财产构成了现实威胁。其主要对交通运输业、旅游休闲、城镇及居民点以及采矿业产生危害。随着近年来人口增加、川藏铁路的修建以及旅游休闲活动的蓬勃发展,雪崩灾害的危害程度有上升趋势。为了更好地应对雪崩灾害,本文从雪崩灾害管理及工程防治方面提出建议：加强雪崩知识的普及,培养专业人才;开展雪崩监测,合理规划土地利用;加强预测预警,主动消除雪崩危险;因地制宜,修建雪崩防治工程。     

青藏高原旅游空间结构探析

旅游空间结构的构建对于青藏区域旅游开发具有非常重要的意义．通过对青藏高原主要省份青海和西藏旅游资源进行实地调查,结合“旅游空间结构”等基础理论,对青藏高原旅游空间结构进行了探讨,并提出青藏高原旅游空间结构的基本网络模型,旨在为青藏区域旅游开发和经济发展提供参考．     

高职院校基层党政工作人员“职业高原”现象及对策

高职院校党政工作人员中较为普遍地存在着“职业高原”现象.究其原因,与其工作环境、职务晋升、变动缺失等因素密切相关.文章着重分析了高职院校中存在“职业高原”现象人员的表征,并建议要从认识自我、营造工作氛围、制度激励、拓宽晋升渠道和加强培训等方面来化解“职业高原”现象.     

基于职业高原的民营零售企业员工流失管理

引入职业高原理论,通过对民营零售企业员工的问卷调查,构建民营企业零售员工职业高原维度,分析职业高原与离职倾向的关系并提出相应的对策建议,从而帮助民营零售企业更好规划员工职业生涯,关注员工可能遭遇的职业高原现象,实现企业的可持续发展.     

Specialization or diversification? The situation and transition of households’ livelihood in agricultural heritage systems

Zhagana Agriculture-Forest-Animal Husbandry Composite System (ZCS) is the first Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems site in the Tibetan Plateau. Similar to many traditional agricultural regions, with the development of tourism and leisure agriculture, the peasant households in ZCS have gradually changed their livelihood strategies and livelihood activities in the past 10 years, resulting in the disappearance of some traditional farming methods and agricultural landscapes with a long history. By taking livelihood assets as the entry point and livelihood strategies as the core, this paper analyzed the basic situation of households’ livelihood and the transition mechanism of different livelihood strategies in order to offer suggestions for the dynamic conservation and sustainable development of Agricultural Heritage Systems (AHS). (1) The livelihood strategies of peasant households in ZCS can be divided into two major categories: specialized strategies and diversified strategies. (2) According to the empirical calculation of the livelihood asset accounting framework of AHS, the average livelihood asset value of peasant households in ZCS is 2.040, showing that the situation of peasant households’ livelihood is inadequate. (3) The transition of peasant households’ livelihood strategies from traditional strategy to specialized or diversified livelihood strategies is mainly influenced by natural assets, human assets, cultural assets, social assets and informational assets. In order to meet the growing material and spiritual needs of peasant households and achieve the sustainable development of ZCS simultaneously, it is suggested that the agriculture-forestry-animal husbandry-tourism composite strategies shall be taken as the development direction of peasant households’ livelihood strategies.