国际化竞争环境中TMT的异质性对公司绩效的影响

本文通过回顾有关TMT异质性与公司绩效关系的研究，具体检验在国际化竞争环境中，我国上市公司TMT的教育、职业来源和任期对绩效的影响，发现TMT的教育、职业来源和任期的异质性与绩效的正相关关系视国际化水平而定，显示教育与职业来源异质性的影响在国际化中保持了正相关，并在一定范围内随着国际化水平的提高而日益强劲。本文最后指出，基于中国企业特定的成长基础与市场经济的制度环境，针对全球化竞争趋势，应适当提高TMT的异质性。     

Troubled by unequal pay rather than low pay:The incentive effects of a top management team pay gap

We examine the relationships with firm performance of the internal pay gap among individual members of the top management team(TMT) and the compensation level o...     

高管团队异质性、团队冲突与企业绿色绩效——差异化CEO领导风格调节下的整合分析框架

基于高阶梯队等理论，从高层管理团队异质性等要素整合分析视角切入，在探讨高层管理团队驱动企业绿色绩效作用机制的基础上，尝试构建差异化CEO领导风格调节下高管团队（TMT）异质性、团队冲突与企业绿色绩效的理论模型；通过层次回归分析、Bootstrap等方法实证检验异质性高层管理团队的作用机理和边界。研究结果显示：①TMT异质性、任务冲突能显著提升企业绿色绩效，且任务冲突在TMT异质性与企业绿色绩效的关系中起部分中介效应，而关系冲突显著降低企业绿色绩效。多元化构成的高层管理团队拥有更多差异化思想，这些观点通过高层管理团队成员不断分析整合后作用于绿色绩效，而成员间“对人不对事”的关系冲突会弱化该过程，进而对绿色绩效产生负向影响；②变革型CEO领导风格负向调节任务冲突与企业绿色绩效的关系，表明CEO适度简政放权，指导、关怀和保障高管团队成员充分表达观点非常重要。交易型CEO领导风格负向调节关系冲突与企业绿色绩效的关系，说明CEO通过奖惩激励，降低高层管理团队情绪冲突，提升团队凝聚，是推动绿色转型的重要举措。     

Supply chain management executives in corporate upper echelons

Supply chain strategies and their implementation have been recognized as a source of competitive advantage. According to the principle “structure follows strategy”, we expect the number of firms having supply chain management (SCM) functions represented on their top management team (TMT) to have increased in the past years. However, little is known about the degree to which executives responsible for SCM functions (i.e., Chief Supply Chain Officers) are present or absent in TMTs and if their presence is related to firm performance. Therefore, we study the TMTs of large US corporations and show that SCM is present in upper echelons, either through executives whose responsibilities explicitly include SCM or indirectly by executives, especially CEOs, who had acquired SCM experience in their previous positions. However, firms׳ operating margins are lower when a Chief Supply Chain Officer is present in the TMT.     

Organizational governance and TMT pay level adjustment

This paper analyzes how the characteristics of boards and structure of ownership moderate a firm's capacity to adjust top management team (TMT) pay levels in the face of changes in its economic and complexity conditions. Using panel data from Spanish listed companies between 2003 and 2007, the results indicate that, over time, characteristics of corporate governance system contribute to give a fundamental importance to boards and ownership structure in the determination and adjustment of TMT pay. These associations appear to be even stronger than those that in other Western European and North American countries. Both the Spanish cross-holding and concentrated firms' ownership structure, and socially intervened boards play a major role in the high levels of pay received by the TMT, which, in turn, reflect a moderate adjustment of compensation practices to variations of surrounded environment factors.     

全球化战略决策中高管团队的国际化角色:国外市场进入模式

海外扩张的模式是决策制定者协商的结果,高管团队(TMT)在此类型的决策过程中起到了重要的作用。通过整合市场准入模式理论与高层梯队理论,并结合组织国际化相关的因素后发现,TMT跨国经验和TMT国籍多样性在组织国际化战略决策中充当着不同的,甚至是相反的角色。在分析了100多个公司近7年的数据后,得出TMT跨国经验与全面控制型市场进入模式正相关、TMT国籍多样性与合作控制式市场进入模式正相关两个重要结果。因此,跨国经验能够通过出国实践获得,但这种经验在某种程度上受到自身国籍影响。人力资源管理实践旨在通过外派出国来获得国际经验的方式,还要认识到拥有这种经历的人不能替代高管团队中所有的外国国籍的人。     

上市公司主要高管变更后的团队稳定性

本文以2001～2005年间发生主要高管(董事长和总经理)变更的上市公司为研究样本,实证检验了主要高管变更与随后高管团队任职稳定性之间的关系。研究结果显示,我国上市公司主要高管与一般高管之间存在较强的任职关联性;与主要高管变更后高管团队稳定性显著相关的变量有持股高管比例、离任高管的任期以及继任高管的年龄与来源等。本文在对这一结果进行原因分析的基础上,提出了相关政策建议。     

企业生命周期各阶段的TMT认知演化

TMT认知是TMT决策行为的重要来源,作为影响TMT绩效的关键因素之一,近年来引起了学者们的广泛关注。以往有关TMT认知的研究多数关注于TMT认知与决策绩效、企业绩效的作用机制,是一系列对TMT认知静态层面的研究。然而,企业在不同的生命周期阶段,为适应内外部环境的变化, TMT需要不断调整战略决策,在此过程中, TMT认知也具有动态演化的过程。文章通过回顾TMT认知、企业生命周期理论及TMT生命周期的相关文献,突破了在TMT生命周期内研究TMT认知的局限,把TMT认知与企业生命周期的变化有机结合,构建了企业生命周期各阶段的TMT认知演化模型,探索TMT认知如何随着企业生命周期的变化而发生演变。该模型从理论角度客观地反映了TMT认知在企业生命周期各阶段的演化进程,为企业判断是否需要调整TMT认知以适应企业发展需要提供了参考,同时也为更好地解释TMT认知与TMT绩效、企业绩效的关系提供了新的思路。     

高管团队结构对组织绩效的影响研究

文章基于部分上市公司高管治理数据,通过建立回归模型,研究了高管团队的人口特征和知识结构对组织绩效的影响。研究表明：高层管理团队的总人数与企业绩效负相关,过多的高管团队人数容易引致企业内部管理冲突,不利于组织绩效的提升,而团队中工科背景的高管能够为团队决策提供更专业的意见,女性高管在决策中考虑问题比男性更加细致,履历丰富的高管能提出更多的决策方案并对风险有较高的防范意识,因而这三者在高管团队中的比重与企业绩效有显著正相关关系。平均年龄及学历水平高低与企业绩效之间不存在显著相关关系,因此我们要避免片面追求高管团队年轻化、高学历化的误区,文章的研究结论为企业建设和完善高管团队,提升组织绩效提供了参考。     

Upper‐echelon executive human capital and compensation: Generalist vs specialist skills

This study extends current knowledge of upper echelon executive compensation beyond the CEO, specifically CFO compensation, based on whether they possess generalist or specialist skills. We find that “strategic” CFOs with an elite MBA (generalist) consistently command a compensation premium, while “accounting” CFOs (specialist) and CFOs with a non‐MBA master's degree, even from an elite institution, do not. Further, scarce “strategic” CFOs are awarded both higher salaries and higher equity‐based compensation. Our findings support the view that unique complementarities between scarce CFOs and firms increase these executives' bargaining power leading to pay premium. Our results are robust to post‐hiring years, firm sizes, board characteristics, and CFO's insider/outsider status. We contribute at the confluence of upper‐echelon compensation, executive human capital, resource‐based view, and assortative matching literatures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.