脂肪干细胞在组织工程中的研究进展

随着组织工程技术的不断发展,种子细胞的来源问题已经成为制约其发展的一个重要的因素,,自脂肪间充质干细胞发现以来,人们对其的研究不断深入。近几年,越来越多的实验证实,脂肪间充质干细胞可以向成骨细胞、成软骨细胞、神经细胞、肌细胞和脂肪细胞等不同胚层来源的细胞分化。而且脂肪组织来源广泛、取材容易、便于自体移植：脂肪间充质干细胞在体外长期培养的过程中始终保持其多向分化潜能、遗传背景相当稳定、体内植入后少有免疫排斥的问题,因而是一种非常理想的组织工程种子细胞。     

Pairwise epistemic conditions for Nash equilibrium

We introduce a framework for modeling pairwise interactive beliefs and provide an epistemic foundation for Nash equilibrium in terms of pairwise epistemic conditions locally imposed on only some pairs of players. Our main result considerably weakens not only the standard sufficient conditions by Aumann and Brandenburger (1995), but also the subsequent generalization by Barelli (2009). Surprisingly, our conditions do not require nor imply mutual belief in rationality.     

论新形势下党加强理想信念教育的战略举措

加强理想信念教育,历来是中国共产党的优良传统。但在新形势下,社会活力增强,社会的结构、组织形式、利益格局也都发生了深刻变化,人们思想活动的独立性、选择性、多变性、差异性明显增强。由此理想信念教育的重要性增强,其教育的难度增加。对此,中国共产党必须给予高度重视,并要深入思考和回答事关社会主义兴衰成败的重大理论和实践问题,重视加强对青少年和大学生的理想信念教育,特别注重对党员领导干部的理想信念教育,用中国特色社会主义共同理想凝聚全社会的力量。     

社会转型期大学生信仰状况调查与研究──以浙江高校在校大学生为例

通过对浙江省内12所高校在校大学生的政治信仰、宗教信仰、科学信仰、道德信仰和法律信仰状况进行问卷调查,发现当代大学生信仰的主流是积极健康的,但也有一部分大学生存在信仰问题,主要表现为信仰的多元化、世俗化、非理性化及信仰迷失和不确定性等问题。因此,引导大学生确立健康信仰事关重大,对大学生进行健康信仰教育,始终是高校思想政治教育的核心和主题。     

近代苏南渔民的天主教信仰

近代以来,苏南渔民信仰天主教现象日渐普遍,信教人数之多以及虔诚程度在农民群体中是罕见的。天主教信仰成为苏南渔民宗教信仰的最重要的特色。是他们目常生活中不可或缺的“精神食粮”。尽管近代苏南渔民信仰天主教的原因多元复杂,但“物质贫困”和“精神贫困”以及近代历史条件下天主教特有的“保护伞”功能的强力吸附,是其要因。     

汽油市场垄断溢价及消费者福利分析:基于中国市场结构的多主体模型结果

自从1998年起,中国成品油市场定价机制已经进行了四次改革,市场定价将是未来的发展趋势。但是鉴于现在成品油市场尚处于寡头垄断的市场结构,完全放松管制可能出现无法预料的严重后果,采用基于Agent的计算经济学的方法,建立了基于信念学习的中国汽油市场模型,并重点分析了垄断溢价形成的影响因素,以及消费者的刚性需求和收入约束对消费者福利的影响。通过对不同原油价格水平下汽油市场的模拟,得到了描述消费者生存率的二次方程。通过建立虚拟变量模型,发现当消费者决策受收入约束时,油价、收入和刚性需求对其福利的边际影响都相应变小。模型的结果对燃油税政策的制定有一定的参考意义。     

论云南少数民族服饰的丰富内涵

文章着重从云南少数民族服饰在历史变迁中的实用价值、宗教信仰、审美情趣、民族性格、民族心理、等级差别、财产观念以及对历史的传承和变异多个方面,分析云南少数民族服饰的丰富内涵,为现代服装的设计提供新的思路。     

How power distance belief,self-construal,and relationship norms impact conspicuous consumption

Building on the idea that luxury products can signal the owner's status to others, this research elucidates how fundamental and pervasive social factors—power distance belief (PDB), self-construal, and relationship norms—dynamically impact consumers' preferences for conspicuous consumption. Through three experiments, we found that (1) high-PDB consumers are more likely to prefer conspicuous consumption compared to low-PDB consumers, and this effect is mediated by their need for status; (2) the relationship between PDB and conspicuous consumption is enhanced under interdependent self-construal, attenuated under independent self-construal, and mediated by consumers' need for status; (3) these effects are moderated by relationship norms, such that the positive effect of PDB on conspicuous consumption under interdependent self-construal is attenuated when communal relationships (vs. exchange relationships) are salient. Our conceptualization and findings contribute to the literature on the dynamics of individuals' status-related behavior in social psychology and related fields, and provide important practical applications for luxury businesses.     

Determinants of stock market volatility and risk premia

Summary. We show the dynamics of diverse beliefs is the primary propagation mechanism of volatility in asset markets. Hence, we treat the characteristics of the market beliefs as a primary, primitive, explanation of market volatility. We study an economy with stock and riskless bond markets and formulate a financial equilibrium model with diverse and time varying beliefs. Agents states of belief play a key role in the market, requiring an endogenous expansion of the state space. To forecast prices agents must forecast market states of belief which are beliefs of others hence our equilibrium embodies the Keynes Beauty Contest. A market state of belief is a vector which uniquely identifies the distribution of conditional probabilities of agents. Restricting beliefs to satisfy the rationality principle of Rational Belief (see Kurz, 1994, 1997) our economy replicates well the empirical record of the (i) moments of the price/dividend ratio, risky stock return, riskless interest rate and the equity premium; (ii) Sharpe ratio and the correlation between risky returns and consumption growth; (iii) predictability of stock returns and price/dividend ratio as expressed by: (I) Variance Ratio statistic for long lags, (II) autocorrelation of these variables, and (III) mean reversion of the risky returns and the predictive power of the price/dividend ratio. Also, our model explains the presence of stochastic volatility in asset prices and returns. Two properties of beliefs drive market volatility: (i) rationalizable over confidence implying belief densities with fat tails, and (ii) rationalizable asymmetry in frequencies of bull or bear states.This research was supported by a grant of the Smith Richardson Foundation to the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR). We thank Kenneth Judd for constant advice which was crucial at several points in the development of this work. We also thank Kenneth Arrow, Min Fan, Michael Magill, Carsten Nielsen, Manuel Santos, Nicholas Yannelis, Ho-Mou Wu and Woody Brock for comments on earlier drafts. The RBE model developed in this paper and the associated programs used to compute it are available to the public on Mordecai Kurzs web page at http://www.stanford.edu/ mordecai.This revised version was published online in January 2005 with corrections to the Cover date.