普胸手术围术期发生心律失常的危险因素分析及护理

文章对437例普胸手术病例行回顾性分析,探讨了普胸手术围术期发生心律失常的危险因素。结果显示,高龄患者(≥60岁)、术后剧烈疼痛未按时止痛者、围术期低氧血症者更易并发心律失常(P<0.5)。由此得出,高龄、疼痛、低氧血症是普胸手术围术期发生心律失常的重要危险因素。     

保乳手术治疗早期老年乳腺癌的临床价值

目的探讨保乳手术治疗早期老年乳腺癌的临床价值。方法将我院近期收治的早期老年乳腺癌患者150例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各75例,治疗组患者进行保乳手术,对照组患者进行传统手术,对比分析两组患者经过手术后临床疗效,以及生活质量等。结果治疗组患者的手术中出血量、拔引流管时间、总的引流量及术后并发症显著优于对照组患者(P<0.05),同时治疗组患者经手术治疗后其生活质量高于对照组患者(P<0.05)。结论相比于传统的手术保乳手术具有手术后恢复时间短、并发症少及患者生活质量高等方面的优势,在临床治疗上可以进行大力推广。     

危机管理在心胸外科管理中的应用体会

心胸外科在医院所处的地位特殊,是医疗差错和医疗事故发生率偏高的科室。提高心胸外科质量需要结合本科室的高技术、高风险特点进行有效的管理,危机管理应用于心胸外科管理对提高本科室质量,防范风险有重要的作用。     

88例食道癌术后胃肠减压的护理干预

目的:探讨食道癌术后胃肠减压的护理。方法:对88例食道癌术后患者胃肠减压期间,给予心理护理等一系列的护理措施。结果:所有患者中85例置管成功,有3例没有成功,成功率为96%,有2例出现了脱落,有1例出现了自行拔出胃管。结论:对患者进行有效的胃肠减压,这是确保手术成功的必要条件,护理工作中要密切观察患者的引流是否通畅,如发现问题要及时进行调整,使患者快捷痊愈。     

Hospital economic impact from hemostatic matrix usage in cardiac surgery

Objective:

Improved health outcomes can result in economic savings for hospitals and payers. While effectiveness of topical hemostatic agents in cardiac surgery has been demonstrated, evaluations of their economic benefit are limited. This study quantifies the cost consequences to hospitals, based on clinical outcomes, from using a flowable hemostatic matrix vs non-flowable topical hemostatic agents in cardiac surgery.

Research design and methods:

Applying clinical outcomes from a prospective randomized clinical trial, a cost consequence framework was utilized to model the economic impact of comparator groups. From that study, clinical outcomes were obtained and analyzed for a flowable hemostatic matrix (FLOSEAL, Baxter Healthcare Corporation) vs non-flowable topical hemostats (SURGICEL Nu-Knit, Ethicon–Johnson &; Johnson; GELFOAM, Pfizer). Costing analyses focused on the following outcomes: complications, blood transfusions, surgical revisions, and operating room (OR) time. Cardiac surgery costs were analyzed and expressed in 2012 US dollars based on available literature searches and US data. Comparator group variability in cost consequences (i.e., cost savings) was calculated based on annualized impact and scenario testing.

Results:

Results suggest that if a flowable hemostatic matrix (rather than a non-flowable hemostat) was utilized exclusively in 600 mixed cardiac surgeries annually, a hospital could improve patient outcomes by a reduction of 33 major complications, 76 minor complications, 54 surgical revisions, 194 transfusions, and 242?h of OR time. These outcomes correspond to a net annualized cost consequence savings of $5.38 million, with complication avoidance as the largest contributor.

Conclusions:

This cost consequence framework and supportive modeling was used to evaluate the hospital economic impact of outcomes resulting from the usage of various hemostatic agents. These analyses support that cost savings can be achieved from routine use of a flowable hemostatic matrix, rather than a non-flowable topical hemostat, in cardiac surgery.     

腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟疝58例与经腹股沟切口疝囊高位结扎术46例临床效果分析

目的比较腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术与经腹股沟切口疝囊高位结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟疝的临床效果。方法回顾性分析我院收治的腹股沟疝患儿104例的临床资料,其中行腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术患儿58例作为腹腔镜组,行传统经腹股沟切口疝囊高位结扎术患儿46例作为对照组,比较两组平均手术时间、术后疼痛持续时间、住院时间及并发症发生情况。结果腹腔镜组平均手术时间、术后疼痛持续时间和住院时间分别为(19.2±2.2)min,(22.6±4.5)h和(3.0±0.6)d;对照组分别为(42.5±4.2)min,(56.2±6.0)h和(5.8±1.1)d,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组出现阴囊水肿2例,无皮下血肿和鞘膜积液发生;对照组出现阴囊水肿5例,皮下血肿3例,继发鞘膜积液2例,腹腔镜组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术微创、手术和住院时间短、并发症少,是治疗小儿腹股沟疝的理想术式。     

Marginal decision-making in the treatment of refractory epilepsy

Objective: Epilepsy surgery is one of the most effective treatments in modern medicine. Yet, it remains largely under-utilized, in spite of its proven efficacy. The referrals for epilepsy surgery are often delayed until it is too late to prevent the detrimental psychosocial effects of refractory seizures. The reluctance towards epilepsy surgery is influenced by the perceived risks of the procedure by practitioners and patients. This review discusses how, in general decision-making processes, one faces a natural tendency towards emphasizing the risks of the most immediate and operational decision (surgery), at times without contrasting these risks with the alternative (uncontrolled epilepsy).

Methods: In the field of economics, this bias is well recognized and can be overcome through marginal analysis, formally defined as focusing on incremental changes as opposed to absolute levels.

Results: Regarding epilepsy surgery, the risks and benefits of surgery are considered separately from the risks of uncontrolled epilepsy. For instance, even though surgery carries an ～0.1–0.5% risk of perioperative mortality, the chance of sudden unexpected death with refractory epilepsy can be as high as 0.6–0.9% per year. It is suggested that the inadequate way of phrasing clinical questions can be a crucial contributing factor for the under-utilization of epilepsy surgery.

Significance: It is proposed that examining decision-making for epilepsy surgery in the context of marginal analysis may enable providers and patients to make more accurate informed decisions.     

Cost–consequence analysis of a hemostatic matrix alone or in combination for spine surgery patients

Background: A five-year retrospective database analysis comparing the use of Floseal¹ flowable topical hemostat alone (F) and in combination with gelatin/thrombin (F?+?G/T) to achieve hemostasis and control surgical bleeding showed higher resource utilization for F?+?G/T cases relative to F matched pairs during spinal surgery. Lower resource use in the F group was characterized by shorter hospital length of stay and surgical time as well as fewer blood transfusions and less hemostat agent used per surgery.

Objective: To evaluate the cost–consequence of using F compared to F?+?G/T in minor, major and severe spinal surgery from the US hospital perspective.

Methods: A cost–consequence model was developed using the US hospital perspective. Model inputs include clinical inputs from the literature, cost inputs (hemostatic matrices, blood product transfusion, hospital stay and operating room time) from the literature, and an analysis of annual spine surgery volume (minor, major and severe) using the 2012 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Costs are reported in 2017?US dollars. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses address sources of variability in the results.

Results: A medium-volume hospital (130 spine surgeries per year) using F versus F?+?G/T for spine surgeries is expected to require 85 less hours of surgical time, 58 fewer hospital days and 7 fewer blood transfusions in addition to hemostat volume savings (F: 1?mL, thrombin: 1994?mL). The cost savings associated with the hospital resources for a medium-volume hospital are expected to be $317,959 (surgical hours?=?$154,746, hospital days?=?$125,237, blood transfusions?=?$19,023, hemostatic agents?=?$18,953) or $2445 per spine surgery.

Conclusions: The use of F versus F?+?G/T could lead to annual cost savings for US hospitals performing a low to high volume of spinal surgeries per year.     

Observational evaluation of outcomes and resource utilization from hemostatic matrices in spine surgery

Abstract

Objective:

Studies have indicated that outcomes may differ by choice of flowable hemostat, but there is limited evidence in spine surgery. The objective of this study was to conduct a comparison of outcomes following use of advanced flowable hemostatic matrices in a large spine surgery population.