中国零售业自营与联营问题的流通经济学分析

零售业自营与联营之争由来已久，在当前供给侧结构性改革、完善促进消费体制机制以及零售业寻求创新发展的背景下，有必要对这一问题展开进一步的理论探讨。文章结合马克思流通经济理论指出，自营和联营的本质区别在于是商业资本还是产业资本承担商品流通职能，自营和联营并不是非此即彼的互斥关系，但如果零售业完全倚重其中一种模式并在全社会推向极端，则需要反思商业资本和产业资本是否各得其所和高效分工。在中国流通体制变革中，虽然联营模式在特定历史时期帮助众多零售企业渡过生存危机并推进内资零售快速扩张，但发展至今，已呈现零售业普遍联营的情况，使零售业整体面临着制约创新发展的新问题。数字经济为零售业回归自营提供了有利契机，零售企业应充分利用新技术摆脱联营制的路径依赖，依托数字化开展深度自营并全面提升流通效率。     

论法律不完备性与政府介入期货市场

在期货市场上，法律不完备性问题表现得较为突出，法律对于侵害行为的阻吓作用非常有限、期货市场法律的不完备性，主要取决于期货市场的特点和性质。政府采取相关的监管方式管理期货市场非常必要，监管的介入需要满足标准化和损害（外部性）足够高的条件。政府管理期货市场立法和法院执法的作用不可或缺，但更主要的是采用监管的方式。     

经济全球化对我国投资条约缔约实践的影响

经济全球化背景下国际投资规则呈现自由化、多边化的发展态势，中国在日益激烈的吸引外资的竞争中应该积极参与区域投资条约，制定参与WT0框架下多边投资条约的战略。     

Bankruptcy laws and debt renegotiation

This paper analyzes the effect of the toughness of bankruptcy law on the number of liquidations in a simple model of borrowing and lending with asymmetric information, where the creditor cannot credibly commit to liquidate the firm if the default occurs. In our setting we consider a bankruptcy law to be a one-dimensional variable that influences creditor's expectation value of collateral. We find that there is an interval of the bankruptcy law, where the number of liquidations decreases in the toughness of the bankruptcy law. We also find that if the liquidation costs are high, softer bankruptcy law is preferred.     

基于Elman神经网络的商业银行信贷风险识别及评估模型

建立了基于Elman神经网络的商业银行信贷风险识别及评估模型，并通过实例验证了模型的准确性和可靠性。研究过程及结果表明，基于Elman神经网络的商业银行信贷风险识别及评估模型能够很好地反映信贷过程中的非线性因素，准确地预测出完整的信贷风险评估指标和信用等级之间的映射关系，能快速评估和有效减低商业的信贷风险。一组实例结果显示该评估模型的准确率接近90％。     

Competition Policy: What are the Costs and Benefits of Measuring its Costs and Benefits?

Summary  Competition authorities are increasingly measuring the effects of their enforcement actions, seeking a robust justification for the proliferation of competition policy. We highlight the importance of identifying the right counterfactual against which to measure effects, and set out the relevant categories of costs and benefits. We then explore how a balance can be struck between the benefits and inherent limitations of these measurement exercises. Relatively crude analyses of cartel action benefits can be sufficient to achieve public legitimacy for competition policy. Assessing the effects of merger and conduct inquiries is often ambiguous, but could be used to improve decision-making processes. Director and Managing Consultant, respectively, at Oxera, Oxford and London. The valuable comments of Fod Barnes, Kerry Hughes and an anonymous referee are gratefully acknowledged. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors alone.     

完善农户商事主体制度与发展农村市场

解决“三农”问题的重要途径在于发展农村市场，广大农民是农村市场最重要的主体。然而，农户作为农村集体经济组织的成员——农村承包经营户，依照我国现行《民法通则》、《农村土地承包法》等规定，是一种民事法律关系的主体，享有民事权利和承担民事义务。在我国市场经济条件下的商事法律中，关于农民、农户在农村市场的商事经营主体资格的制度设计比较缺乏，从而在一定程度上制约了农民的市场行为。为了充分调动广大农民积极性，更好地建设和发展农村市场，有必要完善农户商事经营主体资格的法律制度。     

A note on the existence of unique equivalent martingale measures in a Markovian setting

Simple sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique equivalent martingale measure are provided. Furthermore, these conditions give us a handle on situations where an equivalent martingale measure cannot exist. The existence of a unique equivalent martingale measure is of relevance to problems in mathematical finance. Two examples of models for which the question of existence was unresolved are studied. By means of our results existence of a unique equivalent measure up to an explosion time is proved.     

营销角度的特许经营及其竞争法上的思考

特许经营是一种新型的销售方式,作为企业分销系统的构成要素,能够起到降低风险,沟通生产与消费的作用。然而在实际经营过程中也会出现许多诸如指定购买与搭售、联合定价、独占经营等违反竞争法的问题。为适应不断变化的竞争形势,应从竞争法的层面上对其加以规制。     

商业银行成本控制方略

加入世贸组织后 ,我国商业银行将面临更加严峻的竞争环境。成本控制在商业银行经营管理中将发挥着越来越重要的作用。因此 ,有必要研究商业银行的成本控制方略