企业信息化对审计取证的影响及其对策

随着社会信息化和企业信息化的深入发展,越来越多的企业实现了资金流、信息流、物流的统一。面对日益复杂化的企业信息系统,如何有效地开展审计工作,取得审计证据,是当今CPA十分关心和困惑的问题。本文将通过企业信息化对审计证据的深层影响分析,提出符合信息化环境下的审计取证策略。     

金融生态建设与信贷风险控制——一个基于破产金融机构信贷风险的实证分析

金融生态建设是一项长期的、复杂的系统工程,金融生态环境与银行信贷风险息息相关。本文通过对破产金融机构信贷风险的实证分析,指出我国县域金融机构金融生态的劣质性主要是制度性欠缺导致的,其中的关键是管理制度不规范,包括行政制度、信贷制度、法律制度与信用制度的缺失,从而导致信贷风险等一系列问题的发生。最后,本文提出金融生态的改良必须彻底转换政府理念,实施金融机构战略转型,并在全社会推进信用工程建设。     

促进城乡和谐发展的理念与理据

城乡差距过大是构建和谐社会的障碍,必须通过"反哺三农"的方式缩小城乡差距,实现城乡间的社会公平与协调发展.从历史贡献补偿角度而言,国民经济应对工业化初期以"剪刀差"方式吸纳的"三农"资金予以补偿;从社会福利角度来说,国民经济的发展不应牺牲涉农主体的利益,政府应对低工资、低地价、农产品低价格予以利益保障或补偿;从社会公正角度而言,政府应保障处于弱势地位的涉农群体的基本权益;从博弈均衡的角度而言,社会公共财政应承担起农村公共品的供给责任.     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPORT STATUS AND PRODUCTIVITY IN SERVICES: A FIRM‐LEVEL ANALYSIS FOR SPAIN

This paper analyses the relationship between export status and productivity in a major service exporter, Spain, during 2001–07. I find that exporters in the services sector are 45 percent more productive than non‐exporters. This productivity premium is larger for firms that supply non‐internet‐related services than for firms that supply internet‐related services. The results show that exporters were more productive than non‐exporters before beginning to export, and also that exporting increases productivity growth; however, this positive shock vanishes quickly.     

论英美法系国家的展示性证据

英美法系的展示性证据是一种有形证据,但不是一种实际存在的证据或事实,而是一种解说性证据,或者说律师用来提高举证说服力的证明方法。在法庭中使用展示性证据可以使自己的思想更容易被审理者理解和接受,尤其当涉及复杂的、技术性、科学性、数值性的案件。展示性证据包括图表、照片、摘要、模型、录像资料、事件的重建和演示等类型。展示性证据在开场陈述和结案陈词中都被律师广泛运用。     

Microfinance and gender inequality: cross-country evidence

Microfinance enables poor women to engage in income-generating activities, which helps them become financially independent, strengthening their decision-making power within the household and society. Consequently, microfinance has the potential to reduce gender inequality (GI). Case-study evidence from across the developing world both supports and contradicts this hypothesis. We therefore revisit this issue using macroeconomic cross-country panel data for 64 developing economies over the period 2003–2014. We find that women’s participation in microfinance is associated with a reduction in GI. However, regional interactions reveal that cultural factors are likely to influence the GI–microfinance nexus.     

How to deal with dissent among experts. Risk evaluation of EMF in a scientific dialogue

This article describes the results of a scientific discourse which aimed at exploring the reasons for differences in expert health risk assessment of radio frequency electromagnetic fields of mobile telephony.

It starts with describing the structure of the discourse. Then, the reasons for the conflicting risk assessments are discussed. Differences are due to the selection and evaluation of relevant scientific studies by applying different scientific quality standards, to the methods used for generating a research synthesis and an overall risk evaluation. Consensus could be achieved regarding the selection of and the quality requirements for the scientific studies used for risk assessment as well as their significance for risk evaluation. However, dissent remained about the synthesis of scientific evidence into an overall risk evaluation and about the relevance of the precautionary principle for risk evaluation and its implications for the risk assessment framework.

Based on the analysis of these problems, a transparent, consistent and rational procedure for risk assessment is suggested to facilitate a risk characterization which better meets the demands of policy making and the public for an appropriate risk evaluation.     

关于我国现行提起公诉证明标准的完善

我国现行《刑事诉讼法》中提起公诉证明标准存在缺限,完善提起公诉证明标准需要构建主客观统一的动态层次性标准体系。适用新的标准体系,必须辅以相应的配套举措。     

劳动争议中的证人证言问题研究

劳动者与用人单位之间的特殊关系,对劳动争议中证人证言的内容、占有、支配、采集和证人态度、证人举证能力以及证据价值、证据效力等有着重要影响;合理地解决劳动争议中有关利害关系证人证言、证人出庭、书证物证的选择适用、用人单位举证责任及证人证言适用排除等问题,对于劳动争议当事人及司法裁判机关依法辨别、采信、运用和认定证人证言是至关重要的。     

辩护人、诉讼代理人毁灭、伪造证据，妨害作证罪考察

现行刑法第306条——判处辩护人、诉讼代理人毁灭、伪造证据,妨害作证罪的立法根据在于,该罪行具有侵害国家司法作用的高度危险。由于辩护人、诉讼代理人在刑事诉讼中的特殊作用,决定了该罪行应当从重处罚。引诱行为的实质内容在于使证人违背事实改变证言或者作伪证,而不在于引诱的具体行为方式,即使是诱导式询问的某些特别类型也存在构成刑法第306条罪行的余地。刑法第306条与第307条是特别犯与一般犯的关系。辩护人、诉讼代理人藏匿、隐避证人的,属于本罪的毁灭证据的行为;辩护人、诉讼代理人明知是他人伪造、变追的证据而使用的,应当属于本罪的伪造证据的行为。