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1.
Catherine Albertyn 《Development Southern Africa》2019,36(6):751-766
ABSTRACTDoes the South African Constitution constrain or empower government, courts and citizens in addressing systemic social and economic inequalities? This article argues that the Constitution is explicitly ‘transformative’, but is an enabling document, providing ‘scaffolding’ for political and legal activities. It is government, strong institutions and civil society that are ultimately responsible for securing its equality aspirations. Here the Constitution admits of different understandings of equality and different economic and social policy choices. This article identifies these contested meanings of equality and suggests that a liberal egalitarian/social democratic version is dominant in policy choices and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court. It illustrates this with reference to the Court’s jurisprudence on equality, and suggests that more radical and transformative interpretations remain possible. However, it concludes that we cannot escape politics, the need for good policy choices and effective implementation and enforcement. 相似文献
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西方女式裤装的发展并非只是简单的时尚进程,它是社会前进的折射。服装除了具有实用功能以外也具有象征功能。曾几何时的西方世界,裤装只是男人的专属,是权力的象征。西方女士裤装在最初只是贵族女性的运动穿着;二战的爆发使大量女性穿上裤子顶替男人的工作岗位;60年代,第三次科技革命风生水起,女权运动也随之活跃起来,使女性完全拥有了穿着裤装的自由。百年来的社会变迁,以及女权运动的持续抗争,终于使裤装丢掉了其传统意义上对于性别和权利的象征作用,从男性专属着装变成为现如今女性们的普通穿着之一。 相似文献
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Deborah L. Freedman Philip M. Podsakoff Scott B. MacKenzie 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》1993,6(2):115-137
The purpose of this study was to (a) compare the occupational sex stereotypes of 366 college students with those reported by Shinar in 1975, and (b) examine the relationships between demographic, experiential, and attitudinal variables and these occupational sex stereotypes. The results indicated a significant difference in occupational ratings from Shinar's study, with females' perceptions shifting more than males' perceptions. In addition, subjects' gender, tenure with female managers, and attitudes toward women as managers, were shown to be significant predictors of occuptational ratings. The implications of these findings for both employees and managers are then discussed. 相似文献
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The problem of comparing the precisions of two instruments using repeated measurements can be cast as an extension of the Pitman-Morgan problem of testing equality of variances of a bivariate normal distribution. Hawkins (1981) decomposes the hypothesis of equal variances in this model into two subhypotheses for which simple tests exist. For the overall hypothesis he proposes to combine the tests of the subhypotheses using Fisher's method and empirically compares the component tests and their combination with the likelihood ratio test. In this paper an attempt is made to resolve some discrepancies and puzzling conclusions in Hawkins's study and to propose simple modifications.
The new tests are compared to the tests discussed by Hawkins and to each other both in terms of the finite sample power (estimated by Monte Carlo simulation) and theoretically in terms of asymptotic relative efficiencies. 相似文献
The new tests are compared to the tests discussed by Hawkins and to each other both in terms of the finite sample power (estimated by Monte Carlo simulation) and theoretically in terms of asymptotic relative efficiencies. 相似文献
7.
This paper examines the factors that influence transitions into self‐employment, paying particular attention to gender differences. We find that: (i) men are more responsive to the wage differential between wage/salaried employment and self‐employment; (ii) liquidity constraints are more important for men; and (iii) the link between father's self‐employment status and the probability of self‐employment is stronger for men. Taken together, these results suggest that, for women, self‐employment is a closer substitute for part‐time work and labour‐market inactivity than it is for men. We attribute such differences to the different labour market opportunities and occupational strategies of women. 相似文献
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我国城乡居民健康公平性研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
本文采用历史的、比较的分析方法,运用基尼系数、洛伦茨曲线等分析工具,分别从筹资公平、服务提供公平和健康公平三个方面对我国城乡居民健康公平问题进行了定性与定量分析,得出了新型农村合作医疗制度的开展显著降低了城乡卫生服务筹资的基尼系数等一系列结果.根据研究结果,对城乡健康公平性与二元社会结构,与政府干预、市场调节之间的关系作了分析,并对提高城乡健康公平性提出了相关政策建议. 相似文献
9.
Dan R. Dalton Debra J. Mesch Crystal L. Owen William D. Todor 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》1997,10(4):291-305
In the criminology literature, the iron law of paternalism suggests that women receive less serious sanctions in the judicial system. This examination of three years of grievance outcomes (n= 1216) and arbitration outcomes (n= 1146) tests this iron law in the context of organizational disciplinary and dispute resolutions. These data, across several levels of outcomes (win, lose, compromise), controlling for the severity of grievances (disciplinary/nondisciplinary) and arbitrations (termination/nontermination) provide no support for the paternalistic thesis. Moreover, we find no support for the paternalistic thesis with regard to either the incidence or length of suspensions as a function of gender. 相似文献
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