欧美国家对我国征收“碳关税”的不合理性分析

金融危机背景下,欧美国家纷纷提出了“碳关税”的征收计划,随之而来的是全世界范围内关于其合理性的争论。文章首先简要介绍了“碳关税”的概念及征收方法,而后通过环境库兹涅茨曲线、碳足迹等理论详细论述了“碳关税”征收的不合理性。最后,文章分析了“碳关税”对我国贸易以及经济发展可能产生的影响。     

论休闲经济研究的理论经济学意义

理论经济学走向科学化的历程至少有三重意蕴:数学化、符号化和心理学化,它直接导致对劳动时间的遮蔽和经济学的非人化.大众法定闲暇时间的增加和居民休闲生活的繁荣,放大了人性的复杂性,澄明了生活方式对于理论经济学的重要性,彰显财富之根--自由时间,从长远来看,迟早将孕育理论经济学的一场彻底革命,即由劳动时间根基转向自由时间根基.     

Effects of Conditional Sales Promotion Tactics on Consumers' Feelings of Unfairness

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the negative effects of the conditional sales promotion tactics on nonpreferred consumers' feelings of unfairness from the viewpoint of motivation. A two-by-two between-subjects design experiment was conducted to examine the consumers' psychological mechanism. The results show that three types of consumers' perceptions—tactic attractiveness, task difficulty, and tactic irrationality—positively affected their feelings of unfairness. The results show an important mediating role among consumers' perceptions, short-term consumption intention and long-term satisfaction. This research provides new insights for future research and concrete strategic suggestions for retailers.     

市场时机对上市公司并购投资行为的影响

现有基于投资者非理性假设的企业投资行为研究多围绕实物投资展开,而对并购这一类特殊的企业投资行为很少涉及。本文采用市净率作为衡量市场误定价的指标,实证检验并购公司的市净率及现金流水平与并购投资规模的关系。研究结果显示:市场时机确实对我国上市公司的并购行为产生了显著影响,并购公司的股票市价被高估程度越高,并购投资的规模就越大;同时,拥有充裕现金流的公司比现金流不足的公司更容易做出非效率的并购投资决策。     

Investor confusion and similarly identified securities

This paper extends the analysis of Rashes (2001) to examine the co‐movement of prices for a sample of UK equity securities with similar ticker symbols and names. In contrast to Rashes (2001), we find only limited evidence of price changes that could be attributed to ticker symbol or name confusion. Our results suggest that any such confusion, if it exists at all, is most likely confined to very short time horizons and is not a systematic occurrence for similarly identified securities.     

Bringing the patient back in: behavioral decision-making and choice in medical economics

We explore the behavioral methodology and “revolution” in economics through the lens of medical economics. We address two questions: (1) Are mainstream economic assumptions of utility-maximization realistic approximations of people’s actual behavior? (2) Do people maximize subjective expected utility, particularly in choosing from among the available options? In doing so, we illustrate–in terms of a hypothetical experimental sample of patients with dry eye diagnosis—why and how utility in pharmacoeconomic assessments might be valued differently by patients when subjective psychological, social, cognitive, and emotional factors are considered. While experimentally-observed or surveyed behavior yields stated (rather than revealed) preferences, behaviorism offers a robust toolset in understanding drug, medical device, and treatment-related decisions compared to the optimizing calculus assumed by mainstream economists. It might also do so more perilously than economists have previously understood, in light of the intractable uncertainties, information asymmetries, insulated third-party agents, entry barriers, and externalities that characterize healthcare. Behavioral work has been carried out in many sub-fields of economics. Only recently has it been extended to healthcare. This offers medical economists both the challenge and opportunity of balancing efficiency presumptions with relatively autonomous patient choices, notwithstanding their predictable, yet seemingly consistent, irrationality. Despite its comparative youth and limitations, the scientific contributions of behaviorism are secure and its future in medical economics appears to be promising.     

完善世贸反倾销协议的几点思考

世贸反倾销协议在过去的几十年中,经历了不断的改进.但一直以来,关于协议中的主要概念--倾销及损害判定标准本身却很少受到质疑.由于倾销及损害的裁定标准非常之宽泛,实施反倾销的条件很容易实现,这使得具有低成本出口优势的中国,一直是现行反倾销措施的最大的受害国.所以,中国应该在世贸组织相关问题的谈判中,提出对倾销及损害判定标准进行合理修改的主张.但对于这一主张的提出,中国不应以一己的利益为出发点,而是要以为中国,为世界带来双赢前景为出发点,来寻求自己摆脱困境的途径.本文正是基于这样的立场,提出对协议中有关倾销及损害这一基本概念的合理性、公正性进行检视的主张,提出了对其进行合理修改的建议.我们期待这一研究会为中国政府在相关问题的谈判中的立场和观点提供理由和依据上的支持.     

非理性状态下的企业投资决策——行为公司金融对非效率投资行为的解释

经典的公司金融理论建立在决策主体完全理性、有效资本市场的假设基础上。隐含地假定企业经理人与市场投资者都是追求效用最大化的理性决策者。但是,越来越多的资本市场异象和公司异常财务行为表明,决策主体的认知偏差及市场的非理性会直接影响决策过程和结果,而这很难被生硬地框入传统的经济理性范畴。现实中,企业经理人与市场投资者的非理性是普遍存在的,而且深刻影响着公司的财务战略决策,如公司融资、投资、股利政策以及收购兼并等。行为公司金融将市场投资者和企业经理人的非理性引入到企业财务行为研究中,对企业非效率投资行为给出了更为符合现实、也更有说服力的解释。     

企业管理中的非理性因素

目前的企业管理中,理性过于张扬以至泛滥引起了种种问题,理性管理遭遇了诸多现代困境.从管理思想演化的角度,反思近代以来的管理模式,我们可以对管理模式进行新的构思和憧憬.理想的管理模式是:管理者"无为而治"与员工的"自我管理"合二为一,个人的发展目标和企业目标合二为一.信念和信仰、知觉和灵感、情感和意志等非理性因素与企业管理活动都息息相关,未来的企业管理应该是在理性与非理性水乳交融的基础上走向和谐.     

THE TRUTHINESS HURTS

This essay applies some of the key insights in Bryan Caplan's The Myth of the Rational Voter. We discuss the relevance of cheap signals in political systems as well as the relevance of ideas in public policy with ‘rationally irrational’ voters. We add a fifth bias, ‘stick‐it‐to‐the‐man bias’, to Caplan's proposed anti‐market, anti‐foreign, make‐work and pessimistic biases, and we apply them all to environmental policy.