Cross-national differences in stakeholder management: Applying institutional theory and comparative capitalism framework

Drawing upon the research in institutional theory and comparative capitalism, the present study investigates how cross-national differences in the political, business, and economic institutional contexts of the United States, Italy, and Japan are associated with the ways in which companies in each of these countries prioritize and engage in their stakeholder engagement activities (SEAs). Using Porter and Kramer's framework, which classifies corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities as falling into four categories (good citizenship, mitigating harm from value chain, transforming value chain activities, and strategic philanthropy), we investigate how companies in the United States, Japan, and Italy prioritize and engage in these four SEAs. An analysis of data collected from 340 companies across these countries reveals that while companies in each of these three countries undertake the four types of SEAs, the prioritization and prevalence of the four types of SEAs vary from one country to the other, in ways that align with the prevailing institutional contexts of each country. The results contribute to a more nuanced understanding of why and how companies' approaches to CSR differ across countries. From a practitioner's perspective, the findings highlight the cultural specificity of CSR, implying that despite the global nature of CSR, the implementation of CSR needs to be tailored to a country's context.     

经济学不是数学

对经济学的不加限制的“数学化”可能正在阉割经济学的本质。只要人类的思想、情感、行为还不能“精确”为一组数字，那么经济学就只能是一门关于“人”的科学，而不是一门关于“数字”的科学，经济学和数学就始终存在着一个不可逾越的界限。经济学的根本方法并不是数学，而是唯物辩证法。数学只是经济学的分析工具。远离了人文精神，抛弃了唯物辩证法，经济学就只剩下了一堆数字、图表、模型，经济学中的主体——人就被消解了。     

企业物流系统的经济评价方法探析

文章通过对物流成本概念及其特性和物流成本系统化控制的分析,运用物流活动的经济评价的方法对物流系统的成本进行动态的经济评价,为企业提供物流成本控制与管理依据,以便企业能够及时准确的进行调整更有效更迅速的优化系统,使企业的物流成本大大降低,从而增强企业的竞争力。     

基于层次分析法的建设项目质量等级评定

从引入建设项目质量概念开始,构造了一个实用的、有良好操作性的三级递阶层次结构进行建设项目质量的定量评判,并且引入改进了的权重计算方法。     

基于建构主义的高职微积分教学方法探讨

微积分是高职院校一门非常重要的基础课程,是学生学习专业课程的基础和工具。传统的微积分教学基本上是传授型,重理论轻应用,忽视概念产生的实际背景和方法的实际应用,学生学起来感到困难,学了不知道如何用于解决实际问题。该从微积分的内容、教材的编写、教师的教学、学生的学习态度与方法四个方面分析了当前微积分教学中存在的问题,提出以建构主义学习理论为指导对微积分的教学进行改革,对从微积分发展史出发建构教学内容、以问题为中心组织教学、利用计算机进行微积分概念的辅助教学、注重数学建模能力的培养等教学方法进行了探讨。     

Non-commitment in performance evaluation and the problem of information distortions

Auditing is modeled in a sequential game without commitment. The manager must decide whether and where to audit a worker's output, taking into account all interim information he has obtained. The worker will work just hard enough (and show it) to divert the manager from making an audit or cover up, withholding information about his work to make an audit more difficult. This usually raises the costs of setting work incentives, so incentives are softened, sometimes drastically. Moreover, when a worker's on-the-job information is valuable for entrepreneurial decisions, work incentives must be softened to improve the internal flow of information.     

Can the Risks of the Kyoto Mechanisms be Reduced Through Portfolio Diversification? Evidence from the Swedish AIJ Program

Through Joint Implementationand the Clean Development Mechanism, reductionsof greenhouse gas emissions achieved abroad canbe credited to domestic firms. However, thetechnical, economic and political risksinvolved may prevent the private sector frominvesting in such projects. This paperdescribes three types of risks which emissionreduction projects are exposed to. Eleven pilotprojects carried out under the ActivitiesImplemented Jointly (AIJ) program and financedby Sweden are evaluated. Actual project costsare found to exceed projected costs in allcases. Annual emission reductions also deviatefrom their expected values and vary stronglyover time, supporting the hypothesis that suchprojects are risky business. The riskmanagement tool portfolio diversification isapplied to a sample of Swedish AIJ projects.The results indicate that diversification canreduce the risks of greenhouse gas mitigationprojects significantly. Thus, carbon funds area promising way of lowering the risks of theKyoto Mechanisms for private sector investors.     

模糊综合评判在ERP实施时机决策中的应用

文章研究了利用模糊数学方法,将模糊综合评判理论应用于对ERP实施时机决策,建立影响ERP实施的因素体系,构造隶属函数建立数学模型,通过数据处理与分析确定最佳ERP实施时机,克服了传统决策方法的种种弊端,对于ERP的实施时机决策提供了一条新的可行途径。     

An empirical investigation of the roles of prior knowledge and learning activities in technology transfer

This study analyzes 120 university–industry technology transfer projects. A significant positive relationship was found between the learning activities performed by the firm during the development and implementation stages of the technology transfer project and the benefits to that firm from the project. In contrast, prior knowledge of the firm about the existing technology was found to have only a marginal contribution to the project benefits. However, further exploratory analysis based on high and low levels of technical and organizational uncertainty revealed more provocative relationships.