Km ∨ -Kn的定向图的最小直径

对于图H(m,n)=Km ∨ -Kn,给图定向,使其直径最小.当m≥2,n≥1时,可以得到如下结论:(1)(m是奇数时)对于m=2p 1,p≥1这种情况,当n≤[m [m/2]]-m时,图的直径是2;当n≥[m [m/2]]时是3.(2)(m是偶数时)对于m=4p 2,p∈N这种情况,如果当n≤[m [m/2]]-m/2,那么直径是2,其他的时候是3;对于m=4p,p≥1这种情况,如果n≤[m m/2]-m/2-1,那么直径是2,其他的时候是3.     

试论谨慎性原则在会计工作中的运用

谨慎性原则是经济发展与管理过程中的必然产物,是会计结构中必不可少的原则:权责发生制原则中包含谨慎性原则,实现原则中包含谨慎性原则,会计处理方法中也贯穿着谨慎性原则;谨慎性原则的具体应用体现在提取坏账准备、低估存货、加速折旧、固定资产减值、在建工程减值、无形资产摊销等方面;在采用谨慎性原则的同时,应防止过度谨慎,注意如何恰当运用谨慎性原则.     

提升基层干部治理能力对策研究

在社会治理体系和治理能力不断优化和提升的环境下,基层干部队伍建设逐渐规范和正规,但是在部分地区,一些老旧保守的思想依然存在,基层干部对政策的理解和实施也存在不同程度的问题。在脱贫攻坚的决胜阶段,要及时快速地解决基层干部内部存在的问题,才能解决好政府和人民群众之间的问题,逐渐完善基层建设。     

Legislative Bargaining and Coalition Formation

The finite horizon version of D. P. Baron and J. Ferejohn's [1989, Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev.83, 1181-1206] legislative bargaining model is investigated. With three or more periods, a continuum of divisions is supportable as subgame perfect equilib- ria. There exist equilibria where coalitions larger than a minimal winning coalition receive strictly positive shares. With sufficiently patient players and a sufficiently long horizon, any interior distribution is supportable as an equilibrium. In contrast, a generic uniqueness result applies when introducing heterogenous time preferences. The unique backwards induction equilibrium in the perturbed game is nonstationary, and neither the original (symmetric) nor the perturbed game provides guidance for equilibrium selection in the infinite game. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C73, C78, D72, D78, H49.     

中国节能减排工作面临的问题和解决的方法

国家“十一五”规划纲要明确提出中国单位GDP能耗在五年内降低20％；主要污染物排放总量减少10％的战略目标。目前，中国节能减排的任务还相当艰巨，应增加节能减排的资金投入，提高节能减排的激励和处罚标准。完善税收制度，遏制高耗能、高排放产业的项目发展。     

离心摆式减振器运动微分方程的修正

用拉格朗日方程导出离心摆式减器精确的运动微分方程，并根据工程实际中挂摆式减振器结构，提出考虑平行四边形效应的运动微分方程的修正。     

城市低保制度在邵阳市区的实施情况调查——以对212户低保受助者的调查为例

为了解城市低保制度的实施情况,从中发现存在的问题以及解决这些问题的方法,相关研究机构组织了由大学生组成的调查员对邵阳市城区内多个社区两百余户低保受助者进行了走访调查。调查结果显示,低保制度能发挥居民最低生活保障的作用,是一项完成了基本任务的顶层设计;自谋生计是大部分低保受助者的主要经济来源,而低保制度不具备"养懒汉"的经济可能性。     

The evolution of world trade from 1995 to 2014: A network approach

This paper employs network analysis to study world trade from 1995 to 2014. We focus on the main connective features of the world trade network (WTN) and their dynamics. Results suggest that countries’ efforts to attain the benefits of trade have resulted in an intertwined network that is increasingly dense, reciprocal, and clustered. However, these features do not correspond to a linear aggregation of the characteristics of its constituents (trade sectors). Trade linkages are distributed homogeneously among countries, but their intensity (i.e. their value) is highly concentrated in a small set of countries. The main connective features of the WTN were not affected by the 2007–2008 international financial crisis. However, we find that the crisis marks a turning point in the evolution of the WTN from a two-group (led by the US and Germany) to a three-group (led by the US, Germany, and China) hierarchical structure.     

A STRUCTURAL RISK‐NEUTRAL MODEL FOR PRICING AND HEDGING POWER DERIVATIVES

We develop a structural risk‐neutral model for energy market modifying along several directions the approach introduced in Aïd et al. In particular, a scarcity function is introduced to allow important deviations of the spot price from the marginal fuel price, producing price spikes. We focus on pricing and hedging electricity derivatives. The hedging instruments are forward contracts on fuels and electricity. The presence of production capacities and electricity demand makes such a market incomplete. We follow a local risk minimization approach to price and hedge energy derivatives. Despite the richness of information included in the spot model, we obtain closed‐form formulae for futures prices and semiexplicit formulae for spread options and European options on electricity forward contracts. An analysis of the electricity price risk premium is provided showing the contribution of demand and capacity to the futures prices. We show that when far from delivery, electricity futures behave like a basket of futures on fuels.