How novel actors achieve a positive reputation: A case of prep schools with elite‐level hockey programs

How are novel organizations able to build a positive reputation while attempting to enter into a system with established organizations? To address this, we examined the field of elite‐level amateur hockey. Private Secondary Schools (PSS) are novel in that they offer a nontraditional pathway for players with respect to fielding elite‐level hockey teams. Findings from interviews with PSS with elite‐level hockey programs revealed that PSS highlight their Selection Processes, Player Development Practices, and the enhanced Player Experience in an effort to build a positive reputation. This study contributes to the literature on reputation by showing that novel organizations can build a reputation through highlighting the unique value they add. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A cost-effectiveness analysis of revaccination and catch-up strategies with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) in older adults in Japan

Objective: In Japan, the National Immunization Program (NIP) includes PPV23 as the primary vaccination for adults and catch-up cohorts. The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases recommends revaccination for older adults who received primary vaccination ≥5 years earlier. The cost-effectiveness of adding revaccination and/or continuing catch-up vaccination in the NIP was evaluated from the public payer perspective in Japan.

Methods: The Markov model included five health states: no pneumococcal disease, invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD), non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP), post-meningitis sequelae, and death. Cohorts of adults aged 65–95 were followed until age 100 or death: 2014 cohort (aged 65–95, vaccinated: 2014); 2019 cohort (aged 65: 2019); and 2019 catch-up cohort (aged 70–100: 2019, unvaccinated: 2014). Strategies included: (1) vaccinate 2014 and 2019 cohorts; (2) vaccinate 2014 and 2019 cohorts and revaccinate both; (3) strategy 1 and vaccinate 2019 catch-up cohort; (4) strategy 2 and vaccinate 2019 catch-up cohort; and (5) strategy 4 and revaccinate 2019 catch-up cohort. Parameters were retrieved from global and Japanese sources, costs and QALYs discounted at 2%, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) estimated.

Results: Strategy 1 had the highest number of IPD and NBPP cases, and strategy 5 the lowest. Strategies 3–5 dominated strategy 1 and strategy 2 was cost-effective compared to strategy 1 (ICER: ¥1,622,153 per QALY gained). At a willingness-to-pay threshold of ¥5 million per QALY gained, strategy 2 was cost-effective and strategies 3–5 were cost-saving compared to strategy 1.

Conclusions: Strategies including revaccination, catch-up, or both were cost-effective or cost-saving in comparison to no revaccination and no catch-up. Results can inform future vaccine policies and programs in Japan.     

洛学传承对中国古代通俗小说创作倾向的影响

洛学传承大致历经了鼎盛期、衰落期、中兴期、叛逆期和复兴期。其每一阶段的思想精神和理论主张都基本成为当时社会思潮的核心，从而不同程度地影响通俗小说，导致小说创作倾向的嬗变。描述、说明洛学传承对中国古代通俗小说创作倾向嬗变的影响，可见出某些与小说发展、与小说思想发展有关的规律，揭示出理学传统对中国古代小说发展的作用与影响。     

Perceived hygiene attributes in the hotel industry: customer retention amid the COVID-19 crisis

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a crisis in the hotel industry worldwide, but few studies have suggested methods to retain customers. This study proposes hygiene management as a means to minimize the indirect damage from COVID-19 to the hotel industry. It identifies perceived hygiene attributes and explores their influence on hotel image, word of mouth, and revisit intentions. This study identifies and validates three types of perceived hygiene attributes through qualitative and quantitative methods. It uses structural equation modeling to validate hypotheses and concludes that there are significant relationships of influence between the proposed variables. This study provides important and meaningful insights into hotel image and customer behavior through perceived hygiene attributes.     

新冠肺炎疫情对中小微外贸企业的影响及对策

突如其来的新冠肺炎对全球经济造成了很大的影响,我国对外贸易当然更是无法幸免。但总体而言,笔者认为,短期影响虽然十分严重,但正在逐步消弭;中期影响需要认真对待,损失基本可控;长期影响更加深刻,但是依然可以化解——我国以及我省对外经济贸易总体向好的态势有望保持。然而,面广量大的中小微外贸企业原本就身体单薄,这场突如其来的疫情,无疑又是雪上加霜,日子更加艰难,亟待关注与帮扶。     

The food neophobia scale and young adults’ intention to eat insect products

In the coming years, the new EU Regulation on Novel Food is likely to facilitate the development of a niche market for insects and insect‐based ingredients in many European countries. In this research, the aim is to explore the relationship between willingness to try (WTT) and behavior of eating insects, where the independent variables are food neophobia, sensory property expectations, and previous consumption. In total, 88 Italian participants took part in the study. The food neophobia scale (FNS) was constructed using 9 of the 10 items from the original FNS, and a Structural Equation Modeling approach was used to test the research hypotheses. The results show that males are more open to trying insects than females, and food neophobia is negatively correlated with the willingness to eat insects. Findings also indicate that the first exposure to insects positively increases consumers’ sensory property expectations. Intention to try is a strong predictor of the behavior of eating insects. People who scored lower on the FNS were more likely to try (intention) and consequently eat insects (behavior). These findings enhance knowledge about factors which could lead to lower levels of negative prejudice and greater willingness to taste edible insects among Western consumers. Finally, some marketing implications are discussed, like the need of information campaigns to emphasize positive sensory attributes of edible insects to increase the WTT this unfamiliar food.     

The dynamic effects of infectious disease outbreaks: The case of pandemic influenza and human coronavirus

Pandemic influenza is a regularly recurring form of infectious disease; this work analyses its economic effects. Like many other infectious diseases influenza pandemics are usually of short, sharp duration. Human coronavirus is a less regularly recurring infectious disease. The human coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19) has presented with seemingly high transmissibility and led to extraordinary socioeconomic disruption due to severe preventative measures by governments. To understand and compare these events, epidemiological and economic models are linked to capture the transmission of a pandemic from regional populations to regional economies and then across regional economies. In contrast to past pandemics, COVID-19 is likely to be of longer duration and more severe in its economic effects given the greater uncertainty surrounding its nature. The analysis indicates how economies are likely to be affected due to the risk-modifying behaviour in the form of preventative measures taken in response to the latest novel pandemic virus.     

鞭辟入里的讽刺与敏锐的思辨能力——评王清平的长篇小说《秘书们》

王清平的长篇官场小说《秘书们》饱含哀悯之情,在矛盾中表现秘书的辛酸坚韧、困惑追求、荣耀屈辱,突出秘书的尴尬,表达了秘书们悟到说不出或不敢说的强烈心声,展示运河市党政秘书的众生相。小说以鞭辟入里的讽刺和敏锐的思辨能力再一次引发世人的关注。作家构思奇巧,有意识地加速推进情节的快速发展,适应现代人竞争激烈快节奏的阅读心理,语言特别有味道,很受欢迎。《秘书们》在审美愉悦中唤醒人们的心灵,使人们对尊严、自由更加肃然起敬。     

疫情背景下的中小微企业金融纾困模式

针对新冠病毒肺炎疫情,本课题组对中小微企业的生存压力进行调研,发现85%中小微企业现金流不足支持3个月;各级政府、金融机构的救助政策反应迅速、积极,但惠及效率有待提高;企业现金流救助需要发挥政府平台和产业链群形成的产业平台的作用,助推金融精准纾困中小微企业。建议政府部门短期积极利用两大平台资源,优化中央、地方政府专项纾困基金和支持性贷款、金融扶持资金和优惠贷款的管理模式;中期建立专项中小微企业发展的扶持基金和就业援助计划,推动中小微企业转型升级。     

文化价值取向与情爱世界

苏曼珠和郁达夫以男女情爱为题材的小说是对中国古典言情小说的继承与超越。自我情感体验的强烈介入,使其情爱小说具有极强的历史感和现实感。同样是基于敏感的心灵对时代的感应,苏曼殊小说中的情爱世界是社会的、伦理的、以婚姻为基础的;而郁达夫的是个人的、心理的、以情欲为基础的,古典言情小说中的“情—礼”矛盾转化为内心的“灵—肉”的冲变。