为"边缘灵魂"呐喊--《万延元年的足球队》解读

大江健三郎文体的艰涩,故事的荒诞,使读者很难接受.<万延元年的足球队>自成为诺贝尔奖获奖作品以来,论析这部大江的"集大成"之作的文章也不多见,因此,试作阐释,以求给读者一把解读大江文学的钥匙.     

Preferences in the Future

Environmental economics has been much occupied with the discount rate, which is the value of future costs and benefits relative to present costsor benefits. But at least as important is the question of whatshould be discounted, that is, what the value of those future environmentalbenefits is to future generations. This paper analyzes the role for futurepreferences and discusses the state of knowledge. I argue that theappropriate discount rate is the market one, and that the real problemis determining future willingness-to-pay. This approach makes clearerthe connection between discounting and the valuation debate.This paper focuses on two features that have been prominent in that debate:existence value and reference dependence. I argue that thereis a vital connection between the two constructs and that this link yieldsimportant implications for future willingness-to-pay.     

The measurement and decomposition of nonuse values: A critical review

We critically review the literature that claims that existence values, or nonuse values in general, are a large and measurable component of total value for certain environmental resources. Our concern is not with the question “do nonuse values exist?” For some individuals they surely do. Rather, our concern is with two interrelated questions: are there operationally meaningful theorems which might lead to the specific measurement of nonuse values, and do we in fact have a body of credible evidence which shows that nonuse values, particularly components of any nonuse value, are “large”? We find nothing in the way of operationally meaningful hypotheses which would permit the estimation of values attributable to specific motives of individuals. We find no credible basis for claims related to either the measurement of existence and other motive-related values or claims for the “large” relative size of such values. In short, we question the conventional wisdom that such values are measurable and that they are significant as a component of total value.     

内部审计独立性国际比较研究

独立性是审计的灵魂和本质,是保证内部审计人员客观公正地从事审计活动的先决条件。但由于各国政治、经济、法律、文化等方面的差异,其对内部审计独立性的理解和要求不尽相同。本文结合中外内部审计准则中的有关规定,对内部审计独立性进行了比较分析。     

论旅游是合乎人性的生存——对旅游现象的哲学生存论诠释

以人的生存性发展为理论焦点的哲学生存论认为:人的存在叫做生存,生存的本质是超越。超越总是指向未来的某种可能性,人类的进化史揭示出这种可能性总是指向更好生存的向度。因此,生存的超越性使得谋求更好的生存成为人的本性。人性具有生成性、累积性和复杂化的特征,是对人的本性的具体化和现实化,而这个现实化的过程就是人生。文章认为,为了实现人的本性,旅游活动从迁徙和旅行活动中生长出来,成为一种合乎人性的善的生活。生存论认为旅游和人相互生成:旅游只对人发生,只有人才旅游;旅游是人的一种更好的生存方式,旅游必然对人发生;旅游是人对现实的超越,是谋求更好生存的人的本性的实现。因此,在现代社会,旅游是人性的重要组成部分,是对人的本性的实现。     

Equilibrium existence in Tullock contests with incomplete information

We prove an existence theorem for pure strategy Bayesian Nash equilibrium in Tullock contests where the information endowment of each contender is described by a countable partition.     

Book Reviews

The evaluative function of local public actors has been exacerbated in recent years with the individualisation of social policies. One of their tasks is to select the appropriate informational basis in order to assess welfare claimants. Amartya Sen's capability approach offers a theoretical and normative framework to analyse this evaluative function. In particular, it insists on the importance of “objectivating” people's preferences with reference to their capabilities. The weight that is to be attached to individual preferences in the course of public action can be a matter of controversy. Claimants “capability for voice”, we argue, should be developed. This capability refers to their effective possibility to express their concerns with regard to the choice of the informational basis. It is argued that local institutions prohibiting capability for voice will produce adaptive preferences, whereas procedural institutions promoting reflexive public evaluation and capability for voice will result in a fairer wording of individual preferences. At a situated level, the way to connect subjective and objective information when assessing people very much depends on the position of the evaluator. Several illustrations show that the fairness of evaluation, and its impact on the people's capability set, depend on this positional perspective.     

论“自省”的存在论意蕴

自省是儒家道德实践的重要方法。目前有关自省的研究侧重于道德领域,学界对自省的存在论这一层面给予的关注比较少,因而通过对自省的存在论这一层面的发掘,可以从理论上澄清自省可以更好地认识你自己,阐明自省中蕴含着二个层面的存在形态即意向性的自我意识和非意向性的自身意识。在哲学认识领域内,研究自省可以克服盲目性,提高自觉性。在实践上,重建对网络的自由关系乃是整个中华民族值得反省的问题。     

粮食品质测报工作问题的几点思考

粮食品质测报工作对引导粮食种植,指导农民选择优良品种,促进农民增产增收具有重要意义。该工作可保证粮食质量及品质稳定,为粮食生产和加工服务,为各级政府掌握粮食质量信息、制定宏观政策提供重要依据,为粮食企业收购储存销售等经营活动的决策提供质量信息。本文分析粮食品质测报工作存在的问题,提出提高粮食测报工作水平的对策,以为粮食品质测报工作提供参考。     

象征性消费行为的存在主义心理学分析

文章以存在主义心理学为基本理论,对象征性消费行为进行分析,提出象征性消费行为是现代社会中个体的人获得存在感的一种重要手段。