Comparing the True Cost of Living Indices of Demographically Different Households

The comparison of true cost of living indices between demographically different households (relative equivalence scale) is argued to be sensitive to the way demographic characteristics enter demand analysis. In particular, parameters reflecting the cost of demographic characteristics at base prices, though themselves do not have welfare (equivalence scale) interpretation, can alter the benchmark from which demographically varying inflation effects are measured. The empirical analysis, based on a rank‐3 demand system applied to UK individual household data, shows that the inflation adjustment of child benefits can vary with the way demographic costs at base period prices are specified.     

Macroeconomic interdependence under incomplete markets

This paper uses a two-country, flexible-price model with overlapping generations of infinitely lived households to study the role of net foreign asset dynamics in the propagation of productivity shocks. Absence of Ricardian equivalence ensures existence of a unique steady-state level of net foreign assets, to which the economy returns following temporary shocks. Model dynamics are significantly different from those of a setup in which terms of trade movements perform all the international adjustment and net foreign assets do not move. The difference relative to a complete markets economy in which net foreign asset movements play no role in shock transmission is smaller. It is amplified if the substitutability across goods rises and if shocks are permanent.     

英语重复现象的语用功能

英语重复现象的功能并不局限于对某种信息的强调,还可在不同的交际环境下起不同的语用功能,具体表现为:表示同意、要求对方予以澄清、延缓作答时间、连接话题、表达激情等.     

Designs for estimating an extremal point of quadratic regression models in a hyperball

This paper is devoted to studying optimal designs for estimating an extremal point of a multivariate quadratic regression model in the unit hyperball. The problem of estimating an extremal point is reduced to that of estimating certain parameters of a corresponding nonlinear (in parameters) regression model. For this reduced problem truncated locally D-optimal designs are found in an explicit form. The result is a generalization of the results of Fedorov and Müller (1997) for onedimensional quadratic regression function in the unit segment. Received February 2002     

浅析语义模糊与语用模糊

国内外许多学者和研究人员对语义模糊进行了一系列比较深入的研究,而对于言语交际中存在的语用模糊现象的研究并不多见,因此对于二者的对比分析有一定的必要性。本文首先区别了语义模糊和语用模糊的概念,接着具体讨论了区分二者的方法,然后分别从谈话者和听话者角度论述了生成语义模糊和语用模糊的手段。本文的目的主要是澄清语义模糊和语用模糊的概念,并引起大家对语用模糊的更多关注。     

The Austrian current account deficit: Driven by twin deficits or by intertemporal expenditure allocation?

The evidence presented in the paper rejects the twin deficit hypothesis for the Austrian current account balance during the last two decades. The results are based on an estimate of a vector error correction model including quarterly data for the current account balance and potentially relevant variables driving its dynamics. We compute the variance decomposition of the current account's forecast error and its generalized impulse responses to shocks in the innovations of the system. The results in favor of intertemporal expenditure reallocation cannot be reproduced within a second analysis including the current account and a measure of net output, however. The estimated implicit current account balance, interpreted as the discounted expected change in future net output, does not follow the actual behaviour of the current account. First version received: June 1999/Final version received: March 2001     

中美邀请言语行为对比研究

邀请言语行为是语言中不可缺少的部分,对于日常交际有着一定的影响;邀请言语行为与民族文化有着密切的联系,体现出不同民族的文化特色,遵循着不同的民族礼貌规范;不了解邀请言语行为的规范及其背后的民族文化,就会导致跨文化交际失误;外语教学中培养学生得体的邀请言语行为能力,可以帮助他们减少语用失误。     

The veto mechanism in atomic differential information economies

We establish new characterizations of Walrasian expectations equilibria based on the veto mechanism in the framework of differential information economies with a complete finite measure space of agents. We show that it is enough to consider the veto power of a single coalition, consisting of the entire set of agents, to obtain the Aubin private core. Moreover, we investigate on the veto power of arbitrarily small and big coalitions, providing an extension to mixed markets of well known Schmeidler (1972) and Vind’s (1972) results in terms of Aubin private core allocations.     

Equilibrium theory under ambiguity

We extend the classical results on the Walras–core existence and equivalence to an ambiguous asymmetric information economy; that is, an economy where agents maximize Maximin Expected Utility (MEU). The interest of considering ambiguity arises from the fact that, in the presence of MEU decision making, there is no conflict between efficiency and incentive compatibility (contrary to the Bayesian decision making). Our new modeling of an ambiguous asymmetric information economy necessitates new equilibrium notions, which are always efficient and incentive compatible.     

基于关联理论解读有意沉默

为了研究有意沉默在会话中的语用意义,以英汉会话语段中的有意沉默为研究对象,依据Sperber和Wilson的关联理论,从有意沉默的信息意图和交际意图,以及有意沉默的关联性与语境效果两点入手对有意沉默进行认知语用分析.对有意沉默进行认知语用解读和分析的目的在于帮助我们进一步理解有意沉默,并在以后的会话中能更好地领会并运用有意沉默,使交际能够顺利进行.